RENAL PHYSIO

Question 1

glomerular anatomy?

Answer 1

afferent arteriole
efferent arteriole
glomerular capillaries
Bowmans space
proximal tubular

Question 2

what do not pass through the Bowmans capsule?

Answer 2

RBCs, large proteins

Question 3

modified smooth muscle cells

mechanoreceptors innervated by SNS leading to sense changes in BP

synthesize and store renin

Answer 3

juxtaglomerular cells of the afferent arteriole

Question 4

kidneys receive what percentage of cardiac output?

what pressure does GFR pressure remain constant?

via how? (three things)

Answer 4

20%

80-180 mmHg

myogenic reflex
tubuloglomerular feedback
angiotensin II

Question 5

 Decrease reabsorption
of HCO3−
in the PCT
 -> Renal loss of HCO3-
 -> Excretion of sodium,
water, and potassium
 -> Decrease intraocular
pressure

Answer 5

Carbonic anhydrase Inhibitors

Question 6

 Inhibit Na/K/2Cl transporter of the ascending LOH
 -> Diuresis
 -> Loss Na, K and Ca

Answer 6

Loop diuretics

Question 7

 Thiazide diuretics
inhibit Na/Cl transporter in the DCT
 -> Increase Na and water excretion
 -> Hypokalemia
 -> Increased serum calcium reabsorption
in exchange for Na

Answer 7

Thiazide diuretics

Question 8

 Potassium-sparing
diuretics block epithelial Na channels in collecting tubules and reduce Na reabsorption and K exchange
 Spironolactone, epleronone

Answer 8

Potassium-sparing diuretics

Question 9

absolute contraindication to

ace-inhibitors and ARBs

Answer 9

Bilateral renal artery stenosis