HIGH YIELD II

Question 1

indications for anti reflux procedures?

Answer 1

continued mucosal damage

extraesophageal manifestations of reflux

Question 2

this is a condition in which normal esophageal mucosa is replaced by metaplastic columnar epithelium?

Answer 2

barretts esophagus

Question 3

major cancer risk?

Answer 3

adenocarcinoma of the esophagus

Question 4

presentation of Barretts esophagus?

Answer 4

asymptomatic
GERD
erosive esophagitis
strictures
hemorrhage

Question 5

major risk factors?

Answer 5

white male over 50
duration of GERD
hiatal hernia
obesity
nocturnal reflux
tobacco use for current or past
1st degree relative with Barretts esophagus

Question 6

management of Barretts esophagus?

if adenocarcinoma then do what?

Answer 6

once or twice daily PPI
if no dysplasia than use endoscopy

chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy with or without esophagectomy

Question 7

results from degeneration of neurons that effect the relaxation of esophageal smooth muscle and results in elevation of basal LES pressure?

dysphagia to solids and liquids

heartburn

retained food in esophagus

resistance to passage of endoscope at GEJ

Answer 7

achalasia

Question 8

people with achalasia how how many times higher a risk presenting with what carcinoma?

Answer 8

50 times higher risk
esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

*can manifest 20-25 years after achalasia onset

Question 9

how can treat achalasia tx with mechanical disruption of LES fibers?

Answer 9

pneumatic dilation
surgical myotomy
peroral endoscopic myotomy
botox injection

Question 10

examples of esophageal cancers? name the cell type?

Answer 10

barretts esophagus, adenocarcinoma of the esophagus

achalasia, squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus

Question 11

most commonly affected GI organ in patients with systemic sclerosis?

Answer 11

esophagus

Question 12

CREST syndrome usually seen in what disorder?

Answer 12

systemic sclerosis

Question 13

name this disorder?

an acquired out pouching of esophageal mucosa, occurs in middle age or elderly

symptom: large regurgitation of undigested food with other symptoms of reflux, may be asymptomatic

Answer 13

zenkers diverticulum

Question 14

this is the most common form of esophageal cancer in the US and occurs in the lower esophagus?

Answer 14

adenocarcinoma, barrets esophagus

Question 15

this esophageal cancer occurs most often in the upper and middle portions of the esophagus?

Answer 15

achalasia