HIGH YIELD I Flashcards
types of venous thromboembolism?
deep vein thrombosis
pulmonary embolism
VTE risk factors?
virchow’s triad
stasis
vessel wall injury
hypercoaguability
preg, oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy, cancer, infection and inflammation
an imbalance of blood clotting factors that predispose to thrombosis
thrombophilias
inherited thrombophilias? autoimmune? examples?
Factor V Leiden
deficiency of Protein C or antithrombin
antiphospholipid syndrome
main proximal DVT locations?
Iliac, femoral, popliteal veins
increased risk of death
main distal DVT locations?
posterior tibial, peroneal veins
*most often within first 2 weeks after diagnosis
main presentations of DVT?
leg swelling
pain
warmth
name some Ddx?
calf muscle pull
cellulitis
DVT
venous valvular insufficiency
how do we diagnose?
scale of pre test prob
D-dimer
ultrasonography
name the two examples that are described from the following?
complications of acute massive venous thrombosis with obstruction to drainage of extremity leads to sudden severe pain and swelling?
phlegmasia alba dolens
phlegmasia cerulea dolens
blanching of leg?
cyanosis of leg?
phlegmasia alba dolens
phlegmasia cerulea dolens
most frequent complication of DVT?
*persistent venous outflow obstruction, venous valvular damage and incomptence leading to capillary leak, venous hypertension, inflammation of vein wall
post thrombotic syndrome
tx of post thrombotic syndrome?
leg elevation
leg exercises
graduated compression stocking
horse chestnut seed extract
*endovascular interventions
VTE prophylaxis?
*chemoprophylaxis?
mechanical thromboprophylaxis
chemoprophylaxis with anticoagulants
*LMWH is preferred like enoxaparin
this is a tx for patients with high risk of bleeding, like GI hemorrhage, intracranial hemorrhage?
intermittent pneumatic compression
