Renal Phys ML: 1

Question 1

Our kidneys are _____ vascularized

Answer 1

highly

Question 2

What are the 5 functions of the kidney?

Answer 2

1. regulation of water, inorganic ion balance, and acid base balance
2. removal of metabolic waste products from the blood and their excretion of waste products
3. Removal of foreign chemical from the blood and their excretion in the urine
4. Glucogenesis
5. Production of hormones and enzymes

Question 3

What enzymes are created by the kidneys

Answer 3

erythropoietin which controls erythrocyte production
-renin and enzyme that controls the formation of angiotensin
-conversion of 25-hydroxyvitamin D

Question 4

The kidneys are _______

Answer 4

retroperitoneal

Question 5

What is the function unit of the kidney and the amount within one kidney

Answer 5

Nephron; 1 million

Question 6

What are the tubular components of a nephron?

Answer 6

Bowman’s capsule
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
-descending loop
-ascending loop
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
-cortical
-medullary

Question 7

The order of nephron blood supply

Answer 7

renal artery
afferent arteriole
glomerular capillaries
efferent arteriole
Peritubular capillaries
renal vein

Question 8

What two structures make up the renal corpuscle

Answer 8

glomerular capillaries and bowman’s capsules

Question 9

What are the two types of nephrons

Answer 9

Juxtamedullary and cortical

Question 10

What is the percentage of J nephrons

Answer 10

15%

Question 11

Where are the J nephrons located

Answer 11

close to the medulla

Question 12

What are the characteristics of J nephrons?

Answer 12

long loops of henle
generate gradient in medulla which is important for water reabsorption
-Peritubular capillaries are called the vasa recta
– also help maintain gradient

Question 13

What percentage are there of C nephrons?

Answer 13

85%

Question 14

What are the characteristics of C nephrons?

Answer 14

• short loops of henle
  -does not contribute to gradient in medulla

Question 15

What is the outside layer of the kidney

Answer 15

renal cortex

Question 16

What does the renal cortex contain?

Answer 16

-renal corpuscles of all nephrons
-proximal and distal tubules of all nephrons –contains cortical nephrons

Question 17

What is the inner layer of the kidney

Answer 17

renal medulla

Question 18

What is in the inner layer of the kidney

Answer 18

-renal pyramids
-contains long loop of henle from J nephrons
-contains medullary portion of the collecting ducts

Question 19

JG cells are also called

Answer 19

granular cells

Question 20

What do JG cells do?

Answer 20

• surround afferent arteriole
• synthesize and store and secrete renin

Question 21

When is renin secreted

Answer 21

-blood pressure
-norepi
-macula densa

Question 22

Macula densa

Answer 22

part of the wall of the distal tubule
- senses filtrate flow
-sends paracrine signals to afferent arterioles

Question 23

Sympathetic nerve fiber

Answer 23

comes from VM center
-constricts afferent arteriole
-causes renin secretion from JG cells

Question 24

What does the JGA do?

Answer 24

allows kidney to control and regulate blood pressure

Question 25

Where are the JG cells located?

Answer 25

surround the AA