Renal Phys ML: 1 Flashcards
Our kidneys are _____ vascularized
highly
What are the 5 functions of the kidney?
- regulation of water, inorganic ion balance, and acid base balance
- removal of metabolic waste products from the blood and their excretion of waste products
- Removal of foreign chemical from the blood and their excretion in the urine
- Glucogenesis
- Production of hormones and enzymes
What enzymes are created by the kidneys
erythropoietin which controls erythrocyte production
-renin and enzyme that controls the formation of angiotensin
-conversion of 25-hydroxyvitamin D
The kidneys are _______
retroperitoneal
What is the function unit of the kidney and the amount within one kidney
Nephron; 1 million
What are the tubular components of a nephron?
Bowman’s capsule
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
-descending loop
-ascending loop
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
-cortical
-medullary
The order of nephron blood supply
renal artery
afferent arteriole
glomerular capillaries
efferent arteriole
Peritubular capillaries
renal vein
What two structures make up the renal corpuscle
glomerular capillaries and bowman’s capsules
What are the two types of nephrons
Juxtamedullary and cortical
What is the percentage of J nephrons
15%
Where are the J nephrons located
close to the medulla
What are the characteristics of J nephrons?
long loops of henle
generate gradient in medulla which is important for water reabsorption
-Peritubular capillaries are called the vasa recta
– also help maintain gradient
What percentage are there of C nephrons?
85%
What are the characteristics of C nephrons?
- short loops of henle
-does not contribute to gradient in medulla
What is the outside layer of the kidney
renal cortex
What does the renal cortex contain?
-renal corpuscles of all nephrons
-proximal and distal tubules of all nephrons –contains cortical nephrons
What is the inner layer of the kidney
renal medulla
What is in the inner layer of the kidney
-renal pyramids
-contains long loop of henle from J nephrons
-contains medullary portion of the collecting ducts
JG cells are also called
granular cells
What do JG cells do?
- surround afferent arteriole
- synthesize and store and secrete renin
When is renin secreted
-blood pressure
-norepi
-macula densa
Macula densa
part of the wall of the distal tubule
- senses filtrate flow
-sends paracrine signals to afferent arterioles
Sympathetic nerve fiber
comes from VM center
-constricts afferent arteriole
-causes renin secretion from JG cells
What does the JGA do?
allows kidney to control and regulate blood pressure
Where are the JG cells located?
surround the AA
