GI ML: 4

Question 1

What are the three functional regions of the stomach

Answer 1

-fundus
-body
-antrum

Question 2

What is the fundus job

Answer 2

it has a flexible size and it is smooth and weak to allow it to stretch for the bolus

Question 3

What is the job of the lower esophageal sphincter?

Answer 3

prevention of reflux

Question 4

What is the job of the body

Answer 4

secretes mucus, pepsinogen, and HCL and has notable rugae and is thicker and stronger

Question 5

What is the job of the antrum

Answer 5

mixing and grinding, secretes mucus, pepsinogen and gastrin

Question 6

What does the pyloric sphincter do?

Answer 6

controls stomach emptying

Question 7

What is the first part of the small intestine

Answer 7

duodenum

Question 8

What is the job of the stomach

Answer 8

it is a storage organ

Question 9

What are gastric pits also known as

Answer 9

crypts

Question 10

What do mucous cells secrete

Answer 10

mucus, bicarbonate secretion

Question 11

What do parietal cells secrete

Answer 11

exocrine; acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor secretion

Question 12

What do ECL cells secrete

Answer 12

histamine secretion (paracrine, so it will act on the parietal cell)

Question 13

What do chief cells secrete

Answer 13

pepsinogen

Question 14

What are the two endocrine cells and what do they secrete

Answer 14

D= somatostatin
G= gastrin
-both of these will act on paritel cells

Question 15

What hormones will increase HCL secretion

Answer 15

gastrin, histamine, and ACh

Question 16

The release of Ach will be triggered by what

Answer 16

ENS and para

Question 17

What hormone inhibits HCl secretion

Answer 17

somatostatin

Question 18

OCT anaracid tablets

Answer 18

neutralize HCL when produced

Question 19

What are some examples of anatacids

Answer 19

TUMS, rolaids

Question 20

Histamine blockers

Answer 20

act on histamine and block receptors, decrease amount of vesicles fusing, so decreases number of pumps

Question 21

examples of histamin blockers

Answer 21

tagamet and zantac

Question 22

Proton pump inhibitors

Answer 22

inhibit action of proton pumps so it reduces pumping; doesnt affect number of pumps but decreased HCl production

Question 23

Examples of proton pump inhibitors

Answer 23

prilosec, nexium

Question 24

Control of HCL secretion during the cephalic phase

Answer 24

increased HCL secretion due to parasymp nerves to enteric nervous system

Question 25

Control of HCL secretion during gastric phase

Answer 25

increased secretion due to long and short reflexes and gastrin

Question 26

control of hcl during intestinal phase

Answer 26

secretin, cck, and reflexes inhibit Hcl secretion

Question 27

Why do nutrients in the SI have an inhibitory effect on both tomach secretion and motility

Answer 27

so small intestine isn’t damaged by too much HCL

Question 28

Pepsinogen is an inactive____

Answer 28

zymogen

Question 29

How is pepsinogen activated

Answer 29

by H+ and pepsin to pepsin or hcl

Question 30

Is pepsin essential

Answer 30

no, pancreas proteases adequate alone

Question 31

What are the four motilities of the stomach

Answer 31

receptive relaxation
peristalic wave
retropulsion
gastric emptying

Question 32

When does receptive relaxation occur

Answer 32

cephalic into gastric phase

Question 33

Where does receptive relaxation occur

Answer 33

in the fundus to stretch for the bolus

Question 34

What is receptive relaxation

Answer 34

increase in lumen volume

Question 35

What stimulates receptive relaxation

Answer 35

serotonin and nitric oxide

Question 36

What is happening during the peristaltic wave

Answer 36

begins in the body and wave approches sphincter it closes and very little chyme goes through

Question 37

what is happening during retropulsion

Answer 37

occurs in antrum and it contracts in the opposite direction

Question 38

How are motilites in the stomach controlled

Answer 38

slow waves are spontanoues electric events

Question 39

Waves are depolarized and hyperpolarized by

Answer 39

location of bolus
ENS
Hormones
ANS

Question 40

What is happening during gastric emptying

Answer 40

chyme moved into small intestine

Question 41

What is gastric emptying stimulated by

Answer 41

stomach stretch and chyme fluidity

Question 42

What is gastric emptying inhibited by

Answer 42

enterogastric reflex

Question 43

What is the digestion in the stomach

Answer 43

mechanical: physical grinding and breaking down chyme
chemical: proteins broken into peptides and H+ allows digestion

Question 44

What is the absorption in the stomach

Answer 44

not much
-weak acids and alcohol