Organic Metab ML: 2 Flashcards
What is the absorbtive state stimulated by
insulin
Protein synthesis
amino acids to proteins
Lipogenesis
fatty acids and intermediates from lvier to triglceride
Glucogenesis
glucose to glycogen
Where does excess glucose go in the absotpive state
glycogen or triglcerdies
What decreases actions in the postabsorptive state
decreased insulin
Proteolysis
protein to amino acids
Lipolysis
trigclyercide to glycerol and fatty acids
Glycogenolysis
glycogen to glucose
Gluconeogenesis
creation of new glucose from liver and kidney
What are the two endocrine portions of the pancreas
B-cells: secrete insulin (stimulates absorptive)
Alpha cells: secrete glucagon (stimular post absorptive)
What is insulin regulated by
plasma glucose levels
What are the four steps of insertion of Glut 4
- insulin binds to insulin receptor
- siganl transduction pathway which causes insertion of glut 4 into the membrane
- facilitaed diffusion of glucose
- you have plasma glucose
Insulin also increases
number of amino acid transporters
Why doesnt the brain need insulin for glucose transport
own glucose transporter GLUT-2
Why does exercising help type 2 diabetics
because glucose transports go to the membrane without insulin stimulation
What does membrane turnover mean
membrane opening will close and be turned into a endosome and turned back into a vesicle to later be stimulated again to fuse back to the membrane
What stimulates insulin secretion
increased plasma glucose
increased amino acids
increased parasympathetic activty (rest and digest0
What inhibits insulin secretion
sympathetic acitivty - you want to mobilize fuel and not store it
What hormones stimulate glycogenolysis
glucagon (only in liver), epi
What hormones stimulate gluconeogenesis
glucagon, epi, cortisol, and GH
What hormones stimulate lipolysis
epi, cortisol, GH
What stimulates inhibitin of glucose uptake by muscle cells and adipose tissue
cortisol and growth hormone
What is the only hormone that protects against excess plasma glucose
insulin
Increased plasma concentrations of cortisol cause
increased protein catabolism, increased gluconeogensis, decreased glucose uptake by msucle cells and adipose tissues and increase triglcyercie breakdown
