renal Flashcards
AKI:
- Refers to rapid drop in kidney function
- is diagnosed by measuring serum creatinine
- is most common in acutely unwell patients
Antibodies for AKI+haemoptysis patients? (Glomerulonephritis)
- Anti- GBM antibodies- Goodpasture Syndrome
- p-ANCA- Microscopic Polyangitis
- c- ANCA- Granulomatosis with Polyangitis
-Diagnosis: may require a renal biopsy
Triad of Symptoms in Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome?
- AKI (Acute Kidney Injury)
- Thrombocytopenia (low platelets
- Microangiopathic Haemolytic Anaemia
- Is usually triggered with Shiga toxins (either E.coli or Shigella)
Symptoms of haemolytic uraemic syndrome?
- Confusion (from the uraemia)
- Bruising (from the low platelets)
- Abdominal pain
- Pallor (anaemia)
- Hypertension (Renal failure)
- NB: is a medical emergency, and requires hospital admission and supportive management.
- most patients fully recover.
Rhabdomyolysis:
- Causes muscle breakdown, the most dangerous breakdown product= Potassium (can result in Hyperkalaemia)
Managing anaemia in CKD?
1st: correct iron deficiency, then start Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents.
CKD management if urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio is more than 30?
Should be started on an ACE-inhibitor,
- is only bad in acute AKI
Medication that can be a cause of Acute Interstitial Nephritis?
- NSAIDS
common presentation in Renal Tubular Acidosis?
- Renal calculi
- Osteomalacia
what is a common complication of nephrotic syndrome?
there is an increased/high risk of VTE, therefore prophylactic LWMH is needed (due to loss of anti-thrombin III)
Complications of steroids (used for nephrotic syndrome)
- Obesity
- Growth retardation
- Papilloedema
what to do next? for patient more than 60 yrs presenting with unexplained non-visible haematuria + raised WCC?
Needs an urgent 2 wait week referral to an urologist; as need to rule out bladder cancer
NB: most common type of bladder malignancies= Urothelial carcinoma (transitional)
BPH Mx?
- Tamsulosin(1st line) + Finasteride (2nd line)
how should you manage Uraemia (confusion- encephalopathy or pericarditis)?
Dialysis
Investigation to do for an AKI of unknown cause?
Renal Ultrasound
