Orthopaedics

Question 1

Ultrasound vs. Xray:

Answer 1

• Ultrasound: is good for looking at soft tissue swelling

-X-Ray: is good for bones

Question 2

What is associated with Synovial Cyst:

Answer 2

Degenerative joint disease or Rheumatoid Arthritis.
- cysts normally occur in relation to knees/wrist joints.

Question 3

Indication for +ve Straight leg raise test:

Answer 3

Checks for sciatic nerve pain

Question 4

Spinal Stenosis Features:

Answer 4

Back/leg pain associated with weakness/numbness that worsens on walking and is relieved at rest.

Question 5

Ankylosing Spondylitis:

Answer 5

Back pain worse in mornings and is improved by exercise.
- more common in younger people

Question 6

Cauda Equina features:

Answer 6

• Lower back pain
• Bilateral Sciatica
• Reduced perianal sensation
  Late sign to present: Urinary Incontinence= is associated with poor outcomes and irreversible damage.
• Is important to consider in anyone with NEW lower back pain.
  Most common cause= central disc prolapse

-Investigation: Urgent MRI (within 6 hours if possible) as late diagnosis can lead to permanent nerve damage= long term leg weakness and urinary incontinence

-Management: Surgical Decompression

Question 7

Biceps Rupture Feature:

Answer 7

• Bulging deformity in upper arm, hear a pop noise