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Finals > Orthopaedics > Flashcards

Orthopaedics Flashcards

1
Q

Usual surgical management of intertrochanteric hip fracture?

A

Dynamic hip screw

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2
Q

what nerve is commonly damaged during anterior shoulder dislocation?

A
  • Axillary nerve, sensation is lose over lateral deltoid and motor weakness can occur in Teres Minor muscle after this nerve is damaged.
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3
Q

What areas receive sensory innervation from the sciatic nerve?

A
  • Lateral lower leg and foot
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4
Q

Usual surgical management of a sub-trochanteric hip fracture?

A

Intramedullary nail

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5
Q

what medication can be used during elective joint replacement to minimise blood loss?

A

Tranexamic acid (to reduce blood loss)

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6
Q

Word for fracture associated with underlying tumour?

A

Pathological fracture

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7
Q

What classification is used to describe fractures of the lateral malleolus of the ankle?

A

Weber classification

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8
Q

Medical Antibiotic management for treating Osteomyelitis in diabetic patients?

A

Flucloxacillin for 6 weeks, if penicillin allergic then clindamycin
NB: same for septic arthritis

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9
Q

Gold standard investigation for diagnosing meniscal tear?

A

Arthroscopy (type of keyhole surgery)

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10
Q

Clinical special test (examination) to check for supraspinatus tendinopathy?

A

Empty can test

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11
Q

Medication options for persistent symptoms of Sciatica?

A
  • Amitriptyline
  • Duloxetine
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12
Q

Muscles of thenar eminence (thumb)? (3)

A
  • Opponens Pollicis
  • Abductor and Flexor Pollicis Brevis
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13
Q

What does cauda equina (position is between L1-L5) innervate parasympathetically?

A
  • Bladder
  • Rectum
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14
Q

Kaposi’s sarcoma?

A
  • Causes typical red/purple raised skin lesions and is most often seen in patients with end-stage HIV
  • Pathogen: Human Herpes Virus 8
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15
Q

Existing medical condition that is risk factor for Frozen ShoulDer?

A
  • Diabetes
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16
Q

Different surgical options for elective joint replacement surgery?

A
  1. Total joint replacement
  2. Hemiarthroplasty
  3. Partial joint resurfacing
17
Q

2 joints in the shoulder that may be affected by osteoarthritis?

A
  • Acromioclavicular joint
  • Glenohumeral joint
18
Q

4 rotator cuff muscles and their actions?

A

SITS (Mnemonic)
- S: Supraspinatus- Abducts the arm
- I: Infraspinatus- Externally rotates arm
- T: Teres Minor- externally rotates arm
- S: Subscapularis- internally rotates arm

19
Q

Imaging investigations used to assess a rotator cuff tear?

A
  • Ultrasound
  • MRI scan
20
Q

Primary investigation for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?

A
  • Nerve Conduction studies
21
Q

Medication for prophylaxis of Gout? + Mechanism of Action?

A
  • Allopurinol (is a Xanthine oxidase inhibitor)
  • that reduces uric acid levels in the body.
22
Q

Initial imaging inv. when a fracture is suspected?

A

X-Rays with 2 views (having multiple views is very important)

23
Q

which type of fractures occur mainly in CHILDREN?

A
  • Buckle
  • Greenstick
24
Q

Why are steroid injections AVOIDED in Achilles Tendinopathy?

A
  • Risk of tendon rupture
25
Q

Best imaging inv. for establishing a diagnosis of OsteoMyelitis?

A

MRI scan

26
Q

2 tests that were traditionally used: to assess meniscal tears?

A
  • McMurray’s test
  • Apley grind test
27
Q

what is a contracture?

A
  • muscle, tendon, joints: tighten or shorten causing a deformity.
28
Q

What tendons are affected in De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis?

A
  • Abductor Pollicis Longus (APL)
  • Extensor Policis brevis (EPB)
29
Q

What investigation can be used to measure the pressure in a compartment?

A
  • Needle Manometry
30
Q

Analgesia: Used 1st line in patients with acute lower back pain

A

NSAIDs

31
Q

What should BILATERAL sciatica raise concerns about?

A
  • Cauda Equina syndrome
32
Q

3 top causes of Unilateral Sciatica?

A
  • Herniated disc
  • Spinal Stenosis
  • Spondylolisthesis
33
Q

Lumbar Spinal Stenosis:

A
  • Key Presenting Feature: Intermittent Claudication
  • Differential Diagnosis: Peripheral Arterial Disease

Finals (38 decks)

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