Orthopaedics Flashcards
Usual surgical management of intertrochanteric hip fracture?
Dynamic hip screw
what nerve is commonly damaged during anterior shoulder dislocation?
- Axillary nerve, sensation is lose over lateral deltoid and motor weakness can occur in Teres Minor muscle after this nerve is damaged.
What areas receive sensory innervation from the sciatic nerve?
- Lateral lower leg and foot
Usual surgical management of a sub-trochanteric hip fracture?
Intramedullary nail
what medication can be used during elective joint replacement to minimise blood loss?
Tranexamic acid (to reduce blood loss)
Word for fracture associated with underlying tumour?
Pathological fracture
What classification is used to describe fractures of the lateral malleolus of the ankle?
Weber classification
Medical Antibiotic management for treating Osteomyelitis in diabetic patients?
Flucloxacillin for 6 weeks, if penicillin allergic then clindamycin
NB: same for septic arthritis
Gold standard investigation for diagnosing meniscal tear?
Arthroscopy (type of keyhole surgery)
Clinical special test (examination) to check for supraspinatus tendinopathy?
Empty can test
Medication options for persistent symptoms of Sciatica?
- Amitriptyline
- Duloxetine
Muscles of thenar eminence (thumb)? (3)
- Opponens Pollicis
- Abductor and Flexor Pollicis Brevis
What does cauda equina (position is between L1-L5) innervate parasympathetically?
- Bladder
- Rectum
Kaposi’s sarcoma?
- Causes typical red/purple raised skin lesions and is most often seen in patients with end-stage HIV
- Pathogen: Human Herpes Virus 8
Existing medical condition that is risk factor for Frozen ShoulDer?
- Diabetes
Different surgical options for elective joint replacement surgery?
- Total joint replacement
- Hemiarthroplasty
- Partial joint resurfacing
2 joints in the shoulder that may be affected by osteoarthritis?
- Acromioclavicular joint
- Glenohumeral joint
4 rotator cuff muscles and their actions?
SITS (Mnemonic)
- S: Supraspinatus- Abducts the arm
- I: Infraspinatus- Externally rotates arm
- T: Teres Minor- externally rotates arm
- S: Subscapularis- internally rotates arm
Imaging investigations used to assess a rotator cuff tear?
- Ultrasound
- MRI scan
Primary investigation for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?
- Nerve Conduction studies
Medication for prophylaxis of Gout? + Mechanism of Action?
- Allopurinol (is a Xanthine oxidase inhibitor)
- that reduces uric acid levels in the body.
Initial imaging inv. when a fracture is suspected?
X-Rays with 2 views (having multiple views is very important)
which type of fractures occur mainly in CHILDREN?
- Buckle
- Greenstick
Why are steroid injections AVOIDED in Achilles Tendinopathy?
- Risk of tendon rupture
Best imaging inv. for establishing a diagnosis of OsteoMyelitis?
MRI scan
2 tests that were traditionally used: to assess meniscal tears?
- McMurray’s test
- Apley grind test
what is a contracture?
- muscle, tendon, joints: tighten or shorten causing a deformity.
What tendons are affected in De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis?
- Abductor Pollicis Longus (APL)
- Extensor Policis brevis (EPB)
What investigation can be used to measure the pressure in a compartment?
- Needle Manometry
Analgesia: Used 1st line in patients with acute lower back pain
NSAIDs
What should BILATERAL sciatica raise concerns about?
- Cauda Equina syndrome
3 top causes of Unilateral Sciatica?
- Herniated disc
- Spinal Stenosis
- Spondylolisthesis
Lumbar Spinal Stenosis:
- Key Presenting Feature: Intermittent Claudication
- Differential Diagnosis: Peripheral Arterial Disease
