RENAL 109 Renal Colic and Haematuria Flashcards
In renal failure what do you have a problem controlling?
Homeostasic mechanisms e.g. ions, body fluid composition, acid/base and water
What is glomerular filtration and what is the rate in health?
flow rate through kidneys and ~100ml/min
How can eGRF be measured and what is it affected by?
creatinine in plasma and urine and affected by muscle mass, age and ethnicity
What changes do you see in renal failure? (endocrine function)
reduced phosphate clearance, reduced vitamin D metabolis, hyperparathyroidism, changes in bone turnover - metastatic calcification
What other symptoms may be associated with haematuria?
LUTS: painful frequent urination, small volume, urgency
Voiding problems: dribbling, poor flow, hesitancy
Fever and rigors
What are some of the aetiologies of haematuria?
glomerulonephritis, autoimmune, genetic, infection, diabetes, tumour, calculi, BPH and urerthral stricture
What are the risk factors of renal cell carcinoma?
smoking, obesity and genes
What are some of the signs of renal cell carcinoma?
haematuria, pain, palpable mass, fever, malaise and weight loss
What happens in renal cell carcinoma?
The kidney produces hormones not usually produced by the kidney
what is urolithiasis?
The production of urinary/renal stones aka calculi
What 4 types of renal/urinary stones are there?
calcium oxalate and phosphate
Magnesium ammonium phosphate
uric acid
cystine
How will a patient present with renal colic?
acute excruciating pain, cannot get comfortable, radiates down to dermatomes T10-L1
What are the common sites of obstruction by renal stones?
pelvo-ureteric junction
as ureters cross iliac vessels
vesico-ureteric junction
