NEURO 222 Cerebral Palsy & Autism Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 domains of development?

A

Gross motor, fine motor and vision, speech language and hearing, social emotional and behavioural

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2
Q

What age should a child be able to sit without support with a rounded back?

A

6 months

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3
Q

What age should a child be able to sit up with a straight back?

A

8 months

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4
Q

What age should a child start crawling?

A

8-9 months

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5
Q

What ages should a child be unsteadily walking?

A

1 year

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6
Q

What age should a child be able to transfer an object between their hands?

A

6 months

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7
Q

What age should a child be able to scribble?

A

14 months

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8
Q

What age should a child be able to draw a circle?

A

3 years

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9
Q

What age should a child start vocalising?

A

3 months

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10
Q

What age should a child be able to put together 2-3 words?

A

1 year

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11
Q

What age should a child be able to make simple phrases?

A

20-24 months

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12
Q

What age should a child smile responsively?

A

6 weeks

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13
Q

What age should a child be able to wave and play peek-a-boo?

A

10 months

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14
Q

What age should a child have symbolic play?

A

18 months

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15
Q

What age should a child interactively play?

A

3 years

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16
Q

What are red fags in child development?

A

discordances amongst domains, visual or hearing impairment, abnormal head growth, absence of social smile by 8 weeks, not walking unaided by 18months and no obvious method of communication by 18months

17
Q

What may be causes of impaired development?

A
physical/psychological needs not met
ill health
developmental disorder
neurological disease
genetic
sensory impairment
18
Q

What is cerebral palsy (CP)?

A

A persistent but not unchanging group of disorders of movement and posture due to a non-progressive lesion in the developing brain causing activity limitation

19
Q

What are the classifications of CP?

A

Spastic

Dyskinetic and Ataxic

20
Q

Describe spastic CP

A

increased tone, hyperreflexia and pyramidal signs due to lack of inhibition - velocity dependent increases in resistance to passive stretch
Can be bilateral or unilateral

21
Q

Describe dyskinetic CP

A

Can be dystonic of choreoathetotic due to damage to the extrapyramidal system = damage to basal ganglia and motor tracts that modulate anterior horn cells

22
Q

What is dystonic CP?

A

Under classification of dyskinetic CP and is abnormal sustained contraction of agonists and antagonists resulting in abnormal posture in whichever muscle group is strongest

23
Q

What is choreoathetotic CP?

A

involunated uncontrolled recurring movements with sustained primitive reflexes
under dyskinetic CP

24
Q

What does chorea mean?

A

Rapid high amplitude sudden involuntary movements

25
Q

What does athetosis mean?

A

Slow writing movements usually distal

26
Q

Describe ataxic CP

A

Due to cerebellum damage resulting in loss of orderly muscle coordination - movements performed with unnecessary force, rhythm and activity

27
Q

What are some associated symptoms of CP?

A

cognitive difficulties, vision, hearing, sensory, behavioural, psychological, epilepsy and sleep difficulties

may also have feeding problems, dribbling, bladder and bowel problems due to motor dysfunction

28
Q

What are some pre-natal causes of CP?

A

IUGR, toxins/infections, congenital malformations and chromosomal abnormalities

29
Q

What are some perinatal causes of CP?

A

asphyxia and intra-ventricular haemmorhage

30
Q

What are some post-natal causes of CP?

A

Vascular diseases, infection, trauma and metabolic disturbances

31
Q

How may a child with CP present?

A

Delayed motor milestones and abnormal gait, early hand dominance less than a year old, persistence of primitive reflexes, feeding difficulties and irritability

32
Q

How do you manage CP?

A

maximize quality of life, improving independence and participation and everyday function

33
Q

What is an autism spectrum disorder?

A

A neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by difficulties in social communication and unusual, restrictive and repetitive behavior and interests.
Variable presentation and it changes over time with varied intelligence

34
Q

What are some risk factors for ASD?

A

advanced maternal/paternal age, pregnancy complications

35
Q

What are some associations with ASD?

A

intellectual disability, ADHD, motor abnormalities, sleep disorder, anxiety, epilepsy, GI problems