ORTHO 125 Osteoarthritis Flashcards
What is Osteoarthritis?
A progressive degenerative disease with progressive cartilage loss and hypertrophy in surrounding bone
Name some risk factors for OA
Injury, congenital bone malformation, hypermobilitiy, obesity, family hx and inflammatory arthritis
What are Heberdens Nodes?
Hard or bony swellings (osteophytes) that can occur at the distal interphalangeal joint (DIP)
What is the common pathological feature of OA? And what may be seen to accompany this?
Focal destruction of cartilage and may be accompanied by subchondral bone response -hypertrophy
What are Bouchards Nodes?
Hard or bony swellings at the proximal interphalangeal joint
What are the two phases of the Gait Cycle?
Stance Phase (~60%) and the Swing Phase (~40%)
Describe the Stance Phase?
Period when foot is on the floor: Initial contact made with heel and push off with toes
Describe the Swing Phase?
Period when foot is off the ground and moving forwards: The femur swings forward first and the lower leg follows through
What is Wolfs Law?
States how the structure and shape of bones is a reflection of their mechanical loading history
What are the forces acting on bones?
Bending, compression, shear, tension and torsion
What are the 4 biomechanical properties of muscle and briefly describe them?
Irritability - respond to nervous stimulation
Contractility - Can shorten
Extensibility - Can lengthen
Elasticity - Can store energy
Name the 4 classification of action for muscles?
Agonists (prime movers), Antagonists, Fixators and Synergists
What are the 3S’s components of muscle actions?
Swing, - Swing at a joint, Shunt - pulls joint surfaces together and spin - produces rotation, supination/pronation
What are the 2 factors limiting skeletal movement?
Passive insufficiency - inability of a muscle to lengthen enough to allow movement
Active insufficiency - inability of a muscle to contract enough to produce movement
