GI 106 GORD/PUD Flashcards
What are the cardinal symptoms of GORD?
Heartburn and acid regurgitation
Name some of the physiological reasons why there may be reflux
transient LOS relaxation decreased salivation impaired oesophageal clearance decreased resting tone of LOS impaired gastric emptying
What are other symptoms of GORD?
Epigastric pain, aggravated by lying down,
RD: anaemia, haematemesis, malaena, weight loss, dysphagia
What are some associated factors with GORD?
Pregnancy, obesity, diet, smoking, medications and conditions e.g. achalasia
What are the different pharmacological ways of treating GORD?
Antacids
Acid suppressors:
H2 antagonists (ranitidine)
PPI’s (omeprazole)
How do gastric ulcers commonly present?
Severe pain after melas
How do duodenal ulcers often present?
intermittent pain, worse when hungry
What are some risk factors for PUD?
Age, NSAID’s, smoking, stress, excess alcohol, H-pylori, Zollinger-ellison syndrome
What is the main cause of PUD?
H.pylori
How does H.pylori work?
Infects antru, decreasing somatostatin production therefore preventing inhibition of gastrin/acid secretion
What does gastrin do?
Stimulates gastric acid (H2 receptors) and pepsin secretion
What is the treatment for H.pylori?
PPI and 2ABX
Amoxicillin and clarithromycin
Metronidiazole and clarithroymcin
What is Barretts Metaplasia?
When the squamous epithelial cells in the oesophagus change into columnar epithelial cells
What are the risk factors for barretts metaplasia?
hiatus hernia GORD male obesity smoking/alcohol
What is zollinger ellison syndrome?
a gastrin secreting tumour of the pancreas
