Mock EMQ questions Flashcards
Which structures conduct most glucose molecules diffusing through the walls of continuous capillaries?
interendothelial junctions
Which structures may contain valves? (in the multiple choice)
Which structures may actively pump fluid?
Lymphatics
Influx through ligand-gated channels causes neuronal hyperpolarisation.
Chloride Ions
Overdose of ferrous sulphate tablets taken 5 hours ago what is antidote?
Desferrioxamine
Dystonia occurring following anti-psychotic administration antidote?
Procyclidine
Which of the following are principal phagocytic cells of the innate immune system?
Macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils
A fistula may form between the trachea and which part of the developing gut tube?
Oesophagus
Where along the gastrointestinal tract do the foregut and midgut meet?
Duodenum
The vitelline duct may persist as an outpocketing of which part of the gastrointestinal tract?
Ileum
Which part of the gastrointestinal tract is formed from both endoderm and ectoderm?
Anal Canal
A category of systematic error due to differences in the quality of information obtained from different groups in a study, particularly common in case control studies.
Reporting (or recall) error (or bias)
The distortion of the relationship between two factors brought about by their mutual relationship with a third factor.
Confounding
Systematic error due to differences between those chosen for study and those not chosen.
Selection (or referral) error (or bias)
The error of wrongly rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true, i.e., declaring that there is a significant difference (or a significant association) when in reality there is not.
Alpha (or type 1) error
The error of wrongly accepting the null hypothesis when it is false, i.e., declaring that there is no significant difference (or a significant association) when in reality there is.
Beta (or type 2) error
What percentage (approximately) of a volume of 0.9% NaCl infused intravenously would remain in plasma after equilibration between body fluid compartments?
20
What percentage (approximately) of a volume of 5% dextrose infused intravenously would remain in plasma after equilibration between body fluid compartments?
7
What is the osmolality (mOsm/kg H2O) of 0.9% NaCl?
290
Used in post partum haemorrhage every 15mins intramuscularly up to maximum of 8 doses.
Carboprost (15 alpha-methyl prostaglandin)
An irregular RR interval with no visible P waves.
Atrial fibrillation
A prolonged PR interval (>200 msec) with a 1:1 ratio of P waves to QRS complexes at a rate of 80 per minute.
First degree heart block
A broad QRS complex (>120 msec) with a 1:1 ratio of P waves to QRS complexes at a rate of 80 per minute.
Bundle branch block
No relationship between the rate and rhythm of P waves and the rate and rhythm of QRS complexes with more P waves than QRS complexes.
Complete AV dissociation
Progressive lengthening of the PR interval preceding a non-conducted P wave.
The Wenckebach phenomenon (Mobitz type 1 heart block)
From what layer of cells does the primitive streak form?
Epiblast
Which germ layer will form the epithelial layer of the gastrointestinal tract?
Endoderm
What lies immediately dorsal to the epiblast?
Amniotic cavity
Skeletal structures will form from this germ layer.
Mesoderm
Studies which provide the weakest forms of evidence relating to the causes of disease.
Case series and case reports
Studies which provide the strongest evidence relating to the efficacy of health related interventions.
Systematic reviews with at least one randomised controlled trial included
The most powerful type of observational study in providing evidence relating to the causes of disease.
Cohort Studies
Studies which provide estimates of incidence and prevalence but no information on the causes of disease.
Cross sectional studies
Studies which compare the distribution of putative causes and effects in a number of populations and which often generate hypotheses for more rigorous observational or experimental studies.
Ecological studies
A rare cause of suicide in the U.K. but more frequent in the USA.
firearms
What is a normal pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (mm Hg), in a resting subject?
25
What is the oxygen content of normal pulmonary arterial blood (ml of oxygen per litre of blood)?
150
What is the oxygen content of normal pulmonary venous blood (ml of oxygen per litre of blood)?
200
What is the ratio of systemic to pulmonary vascular resistance?
10
What is total pulmonary blood volume (ml)?
400
