Renal Flashcards
Maintenance fluid
Need 1mmol/kg/day of potassium
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Metabolic acidosis with high anion gap
Membranous nephropathy
Associated with malignancy and causes thickened basement membrane with sub-epithelial spikes
Rhabdomyolysis
Treat with rapid IV fluid rehydration with normal saline
Amyloidosis
- hepatosplenomegaly
- proteinuria
- weakness
- dyspnoea
Hyperkalaemia
- if ECG changes give intravenous calcium gluconate
- nebulised salbutamol
- insulin/dextrose infusion
IgA nephropathy
Presents as visible haematuria within days of an URTI
Acute tubular necrosis
Poor response to fluid challenge
Acute interstitial nephritis
Hypersensitivity reaction with raised WCC, IgE and eosinophils with impaired renal function
PCKD
Screening with abdominal ultrasound
Diabetic nephropathy
Annual screening with albumin:creatinine ratio in an early morning sample
Minimal change disease
Normally full recovery but later recurrent episodes
Rhabdomyolysis AKI
Myoglobinuria causes tubular cell necrosis and renal failure
Nephrotic syndrome
Hypercoagulable state due to loss of antithrombin III so can get renal vein thrombosis
Hyper-acute transplant rejection
Remove graft
Haemolytic uremic syndrome
Supportive with fluids and dialysis as required
Wegner’s granulomatosis
- chronic sinusitis
- cresenteric glomerulonephritis
- haemoptysis
Severe hypokalaemia
Defined as K<2.5
-needs cardiac monitoring and 24 hour infusion of K
AV fistula
Take 6 to 8 weeks to be functional
Uraemia
Encephalopathy or pericarditis are indications for dialysis
Calcium resonium
Removes potassium from the body
Hyerchloremic acidosis
Renal tubular acidosis
CKD
If albumin:creatinine ratio is high start atorvastatin
Nephrotic syndrome
Associated with hypercoagulable state due to loss of antithrombin III
