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Revision > Renal > Flashcards

Renal Flashcards

1
Q

Maintenance fluid

A

Need 1mmol/kg/day of potassium

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2
Q

Diabetic ketoacidosis

A

Metabolic acidosis with high anion gap

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3
Q

Membranous nephropathy

A

Associated with malignancy and causes thickened basement membrane with sub-epithelial spikes

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4
Q

Rhabdomyolysis

A

Treat with rapid IV fluid rehydration with normal saline

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5
Q

Amyloidosis

A
  • hepatosplenomegaly
  • proteinuria
  • weakness
  • dyspnoea
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6
Q

Hyperkalaemia

A
  • if ECG changes give intravenous calcium gluconate
  • nebulised salbutamol
  • insulin/dextrose infusion
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7
Q

IgA nephropathy

A

Presents as visible haematuria within days of an URTI

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8
Q

Acute tubular necrosis

A

Poor response to fluid challenge

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9
Q

Acute interstitial nephritis

A

Hypersensitivity reaction with raised WCC, IgE and eosinophils with impaired renal function

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10
Q

PCKD

A

Screening with abdominal ultrasound

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11
Q

Diabetic nephropathy

A

Annual screening with albumin:creatinine ratio in an early morning sample

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12
Q

Minimal change disease

A

Normally full recovery but later recurrent episodes

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13
Q

Rhabdomyolysis AKI

A

Myoglobinuria causes tubular cell necrosis and renal failure

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14
Q

Nephrotic syndrome

A

Hypercoagulable state due to loss of antithrombin III so can get renal vein thrombosis

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15
Q

Hyper-acute transplant rejection

A

Remove graft

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16
Q

Haemolytic uremic syndrome

A

Supportive with fluids and dialysis as required

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17
Q

Wegner’s granulomatosis

A
  • chronic sinusitis
  • cresenteric glomerulonephritis
  • haemoptysis
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18
Q

Severe hypokalaemia

A

Defined as K<2.5

-needs cardiac monitoring and 24 hour infusion of K

19
Q

AV fistula

A

Take 6 to 8 weeks to be functional

20
Q

Uraemia

A

Encephalopathy or pericarditis are indications for dialysis

21
Q

Calcium resonium

A

Removes potassium from the body

22
Q

Hyerchloremic acidosis

A

Renal tubular acidosis

23
Q

CKD

A

If albumin:creatinine ratio is high start atorvastatin

24
Q

Nephrotic syndrome

A

Associated with hypercoagulable state due to loss of antithrombin III

25
Q

Acute tubular necrosis

A
  • urine osmolality < 350

- brown, granular casts in urine

26
Q

Gentamicin therapy

A

Can cause intrinsic AKI

27
Q

Losartan

A

Should be stopped in AKI as can worsen renal injury

28
Q

Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis

A

Develops 1-2 weeks after URTI

29
Q

IgA nephropathy

A

Develops 1-2 days after URTI

30
Q

Antibiotics

A

Can cause acute interstitial nephritis

31
Q

Alport syndrome

A
  • renal failure
  • sensorineural hearing loss
  • ocular abnormalities
32
Q

Goodpasture syndrome

A
  • anti-glomerular basement membrane GBM antibodies
  • fever
  • arthralgia
  • lethargy
  • haemoptysis
  • dyspnoea
33
Q

HIV

A

Associated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

34
Q

Respiratory alkalosis

A
  • salicylate poisoning
  • pulmonary embolism
  • pregnancy
  • anxiety
  • encephalitis
35
Q

Gynaecomastia

A

Associated with adenocarcinoma of the lung

36
Q

Pulmonary fibrosis

A

Causes restrictive spirometry with increased FEV1:FVC ration and decreased FVC

37
Q

Suspected cancer

A

Contrast CT of chest, liver and abdomen

38
Q

Myasthenia gravis

A

Related to anti-AChR and thymoma

39
Q

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

A

Prednisolone

40
Q

Lambert Eaton syndrome

A

Autoimmune disorder related to small cell lung cancer and causing neurological issues

41
Q

Sarcoidosis

A

Painful rash and cough

42
Q

pH 7.29

A

Consider non-invasive ventilation

43
Q

Polycythaemia

A

Increased concentration of haematocrit seen in conditions such as COPD

44
Q

Pack year

A
  • number of packs by time smoked

- 1 pack is 20 cigarettes

Revision (18 decks)

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