Haematology Flashcards
Haemophilia A
Causes hemarthrosis without trauma
VTE
Anticoagulate with warfarin for 3 months is provoked and 6 months if unprovoked
Burkitt lymphoma
Starry sky appearance on lymph node biopsy
Sequestration crisis
Occurs in sickle cell anaemia and causes splenomegaly with abdominal pain
Beta-thalassaemia trait
- microcytic anaemia
- raised HbA2
- lethargy
C-myc translocation
Genetic change in Burkitt’s lymphoma
Antiphospholipid syndrome
- prolonged APTT
- history of VTE, PE and miscarriage
- elevated anticardiolipin antibody
Antiphospholipid syndrome (pregnancy)
Anticoagulate with aspirin and enoxaparin
Irradiated blood products
Used to avoid transfusion-associated graft vs host disease
Tranaxamic acid
When given in major haemorrhage give IV bolus and then slow infusion
Blood transfusion
Give if haemodynamically unstable or Hb is less than 70g/L
Neutropenic sepsis
Empirical treatment with piperacillin and tazobactam
Blood transfusion complications
- iron overload
- ARDS
- hyperkalaemia
- clotting abnormalities
- febrile reaction
Multiple myeloma
Rain drop skill or pepperpot skull seen on imaging
Disseminated intravascular dissemination
Give fresh frozen plasma
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Causes macrocytic anaemia
G6PD
- pallor
- jaundice
- haemolytic anaemia
- previous URTI
- Heinz bodies
Multiple myeloma
Typically causes hypercalcaemia, pancytopenia and AKI
Reed-Sternberg cells
Have mirror image nuclei and are seen in Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Stage two Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Tow or more lymph nodes on the same side of the diaphragm
Philadelphia chromosome
t(9;22) associated with CML
Idarucizumab
Reversible agent for dabigatran
Hereditary spherocytosis
-jaundice, fatigue and splenomegaly in haemolytic crisis
Cryoprecipitate
Given in major haemorrhage when the fibrinogen level is low
Sickle cell anaemia
Normocytic anaemia with Howell-Jolly bodies
Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
Can be caused by SLE
DVT in pregnancy
Tend to give subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin
Tumour lysis syndrome
Can give allopurinol or rasburicase prior to chemo to reduce the risk
Platelet transfusion
High risk of bacterial contamination compared to other blood products
Non-haemolytic febrile transfusion syndrome
Pause transfusion and assess for risk and if safe give IV paracetamol and continue
Coeliac disease
Can cause target cells and Howell-Jolly bodies due to hyposplenism
Polycythaemia rubra vera
Around 5-15% progress to myelofibrosis or AML
Beta thalassaemia
Microcytic, hypochromic anaemia
- basophilic stippling
- occasional target cells
Lead poisoning
- gastrointestinal and neuropsychiatric symptoms
- anaemia
- blue line on gum margin
Aplastic crisis
Seen in sickle cell disease often related to parvovirus infection
Haemophilia A
Factor VIII associated with 90% of all haemophilia
Acute haemolytic transfusion reaction
Combs test
-RBC destruction by IgM
Dabigatran
Direct thrombin inhibitor
Won willebrands disease
- prolonged bleeding time
- normal platelet count
- prolonged APTT
Factor V Leiden
Also known as activated protein C resistance and the most common inherited thrombophilia
Antiphospholipid syndrome
History of clotting and bleeding
-need aspirin and LMWH in pregnancy
