General surgery

Question 1

Stress incontinence

Answer 1

First line with pelvic floor exercises then second line with surgery or duloxetine

Question 2

Fissure in ano

Answer 2

Consider if fresh red blood post defaecation

Question 3

FAST scan

Answer 3

Focused assessment with sonography in trauma can be used to rapidly visualise trauma including pneumothorax

Question 4

Ascending cholangitis

Answer 4

Manage with ECRP after 24-48 hours to relieve obstruction

Question 5

Acute appendicitis

Answer 5

• nausea and vomiting

- right lower quadrant pain

Question 6

Prostatitis

Answer 6

• bleeding at the end of micturition
• pus on the urethral meatus
• tender prostate

Question 7

Pyelonephritis

Answer 7

• commonly caused by partially treated cystitis
• loin pain
• fever
• haematuria
• dysuria

Question 8

Ureteric calculus

Answer 8

• loin to groin pain
• haematuria
• preceded by dehydration

Question 9

Cystogram

Answer 9

Used to assess bladder suture healing post operatively

Question 10

Biliary stenting

Answer 10

Used in patients with malignant distal obstructive jaundice due to unresectable pancreatic cancer

Question 11

Ascending cholangitis

Answer 11

Charcot’s triad of fever, jaundice and right upper quadrant pain

Question 12

Small bowel obstruction

Answer 12

Suspect if vomiting occurs early and there is a history of intra-abdominal surgery

Question 13

NSAIDs

Answer 13

Avoid post renal transplant

Question 14

Isograft

Answer 14

Transplant from an identical twin

Question 15

Autograft

Answer 15

Transplant from yourself

Question 16

Allograft

Answer 16

Transplant from an unrelated person

Question 17

Xenograft

Answer 17

Transplant from an animal

Question 18

Faecal elastase

Answer 18

Useful test of exocrine function in chronic pancreatitis

Question 19

Pancreatitis

Answer 19

Blood glucose is prognostic

Question 20

Thoracotomy

Answer 20

• > 1.5L blood loss

- >200ml per hour for > 2 hours

Question 21

Right hypoglossal lesion

Answer 21

Tongue deviated to right

Question 22

Anal fissure

Answer 22

Manage first with bulk-forming laxatives to aid defaecation

Question 23

Thrombosed haemorrhoids

Answer 23

Manage with stool softener, ice packs and analgesia

Question 24

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Answer 24

Serum AFP can be used as tumour marker

Question 25

Hyperkalaemia

Answer 25

One of the first ECG changes is peaked T waves

Question 26

Her2 positive cancer

Answer 26

Treat with herceptin (trastuzumab)

Question 27

Crohn’s disease

Answer 27

Treat with infliximab

Question 28

KIT positive cancer

Answer 28

Treat with imatinib