General surgery Flashcards
Stress incontinence
First line with pelvic floor exercises then second line with surgery or duloxetine
Fissure in ano
Consider if fresh red blood post defaecation
FAST scan
Focused assessment with sonography in trauma can be used to rapidly visualise trauma including pneumothorax
Ascending cholangitis
Manage with ECRP after 24-48 hours to relieve obstruction
Acute appendicitis
- nausea and vomiting
- right lower quadrant pain
Prostatitis
- bleeding at the end of micturition
- pus on the urethral meatus
- tender prostate
Pyelonephritis
- commonly caused by partially treated cystitis
- loin pain
- fever
- haematuria
- dysuria
Ureteric calculus
- loin to groin pain
- haematuria
- preceded by dehydration
Cystogram
Used to assess bladder suture healing post operatively
Biliary stenting
Used in patients with malignant distal obstructive jaundice due to unresectable pancreatic cancer
Ascending cholangitis
Charcot’s triad of fever, jaundice and right upper quadrant pain
Small bowel obstruction
Suspect if vomiting occurs early and there is a history of intra-abdominal surgery
NSAIDs
Avoid post renal transplant
Isograft
Transplant from an identical twin
Autograft
Transplant from yourself
Allograft
Transplant from an unrelated person
Xenograft
Transplant from an animal
Faecal elastase
Useful test of exocrine function in chronic pancreatitis
Pancreatitis
Blood glucose is prognostic
Thoracotomy
- > 1.5L blood loss
- >200ml per hour for > 2 hours
Right hypoglossal lesion
Tongue deviated to right
Anal fissure
Manage first with bulk-forming laxatives to aid defaecation
Thrombosed haemorrhoids
Manage with stool softener, ice packs and analgesia
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Serum AFP can be used as tumour marker
