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Pathology > Renal 1 > Flashcards

Renal 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The main components of the nephron

A
  • Glomeruli.
  • Tubules.
  • Blood vessels.
  • Interstitium.
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2
Q

A tuft of capillaries within the Bowman’s capsule is called

A

Glomerulus

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3
Q

Blood supply of the tubule is derived from?

  • Afferent arterioles.
  • Efferent arterioles.
A

B

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4
Q

Cells of Bowman’s capsule

A
  • Endothelial (fenestrated).
  • Visceral epithelial (podocytes + foot processes)
  • Parietal epithelial.
  • Mesangial.
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5
Q

Filtration membrane layers

A

1- fenestrated endothelium.
2- lamina rara interna.
3- lamina rara externa.
4- podocyte slit membrane.

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6
Q

The ………. and the more………. the more permeable the molecule is.

A

Smaller - positive (cationic)

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7
Q

< 50% of glomeruli involved?

  • Diffuse.
  • Focal.
A

Diffuse

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8
Q

Immune complex disease is type …… hypersensitivity

A

Type 3

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9
Q

Immune complex deposition which is seen as granular in IF?

  • Mesangial.
  • BM.
  • Sub-epithelial.
  • Sub-endothelial.
A

C and D

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10
Q

Heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema, hyperlipidemia, lipiduria?

  • Nephrotic syndrome.
  • Nephritic syndrome.
A

A

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11
Q

What cause lipiduria in patients with nephrotic syndrome?

A

Compensatory synthesis of proteins by the liver

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12
Q

The nephrotic range of protein is?

A

> 3.5 g/24h

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13
Q

There is No cellular inflammatory reaction in?

  • Nephrotic syndrome.
  • Nephritic syndrome.
A

A

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14
Q

Renal ischemia, low GFR, hypertension, and hematuria?

  • Nephrotic syndrome.
  • Nephritic syndrome.
A

B

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15
Q

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of nephritic syndrome?

  • Oliguria.
  • Azotemia.
  • Hematuria.
  • Low renin.
A

D (there is high renin = hypertension)

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16
Q

There is NO hypertension or hematuria in?

  • Nephritic syndrome.
  • Nephrotic syndrome.
  • Acute renal failure.
  • Chronic renal failure.
A

C

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17
Q

Uremia is a clinical feature of ?

  • ARF.
  • CRF.
A

B

18
Q

Usually post infectious?

  • Acute diffuse proliferative GN.
  • Rapidly progressive “crescentic” nephritis.
A

A

19
Q

In children (6-10 y), 2 weeks after UR or skin infection?

  • Acute diffuse proliferative GN.
  • Rapidly progressive “crescentic” nephritis.
A

A

20
Q

The immune complex deposition in the ADPGN is?

  • Sub-epithelial.
  • Sub-endothelial.
A

A

21
Q

What is the description of the IF in the ADPGN?

  • Linear.
  • Granular.
A

B

22
Q

Focal disruption of the GBM + Fibrinogen leakage are seen in?

  • ADPGN.
  • RPGN.
A

B

23
Q

Cortical petechial hemorrhage is seen grossly in?

  • ADPGN.
  • RPGN.
A

B

24
Q

Linear IF is associated with

A

Anti GBM / Goodpasture syndrome

25
Q

Granular IF is associated with?

A

Post-infectious GN
Lupus nephritis
IgA nephropathy

26
Q

No IF is associated with

A

Wegner granulomatosis, microscopic polyangiitis

27
Q

The most common causes of nephrotic syndrome due to glomerular disease

A
  • Minimal change disease (children).
  • Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.
  • Membranous glomerulonephropathy (adults).
28
Q

Most common causes of nephrotic syndrome due to systemic disease

A
  • SLE.
  • Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis.
  • Amyloidosis.
29
Q

A known as, “lipoid nephrosis”?

  • Minima change disease.
  • Focal segmental glomerularsclerosi.
A

A

30
Q

Most children with nephrotic syndrome are caused by

A

Minimal change disease “lipoid nephrosis”

31
Q

Lipid laden tubular cells + diffuse loss of foot processes (effacement) are seen in?

A

Minimal change disease

32
Q

The commonest cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults

A

Membranous GN

33
Q

Sub-epithelial deposits separated by BM matrix spikes are seen in?

A

Membranous glomerulopathy

34
Q

Patchy thickening of BM, accentuated lobulation with high mesangial cells + Tram truck appearance are seen in?

A

Membranoproliferative GN

35
Q

Type 1 MPGN

A

Sub-endothelial

36
Q

Type 2 “dense deposit disease” MPGN

A

Thick BM, mesangial interposition, split BM, tram track appearance

37
Q

Segmental insudation of plasma proteins + deposition of hyaline material

A

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

38
Q

Small kidneys with thin cortex, shrunken and outer surface coarsely granular + very pale

A

Chronic GN

39
Q

Diffuse GN is type …… lupus nephritis.

A

Type 4

40
Q

Mesangial proliferative GN is associated with

A

IgA nephropathy (berger disease)

41
Q

The commonest GN worldwide

A

Berger disease

42
Q

Indications for renal biopsy

A
  • Heavy proteinuria.
  • Glomerular bleeding.
  • Unexplained ARF.

Pathology (24 decks)

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