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GIGU and Repro > Regulation of Food Intake > Flashcards

Regulation of Food Intake Flashcards

1
Q

The neural centers that control feeding a satiety are located within the hypothalamus and include what nuclei? (5)

A

Lateral Nucleus

Ventromedial Nucleus

Paraventricular Nucleus

Dorsomedial Nucleus

Arcuate Nucleus

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2
Q

Most of the signal integration for regulation of food intake and energy expenditure happens in which of the following nuclei?

A. Lateral Nucleus

B. Paraventricular Nucleus

C. Arcuate Nucleus

D. Dorsomedial Nucleus

E. Ventromedial Nucleus

A

Arcuate Nucleus

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3
Q

Signalling in the Arcuate Nucleus involves what 2 pathways?

What are the major factors of each pathway?

A

Anorexigenic Pathway

  • alpha-melanocortin (a-MSH)

Orexigenic Pathway

  • Neuropeptide-Y (NPY)
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4
Q

What is the neruon that is signalled to release a-MSH when stimulated by signals that decrease food intake?

What 3 signaling factors are involved in trigger satiety, and decreasing food intake?

A

POMC/CART

Insulin, Leptin, CCK

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5
Q

What is the neuron that signalled to release NYP when stimulated by pro-hunger signalling molecules?

What is the pro-hunger signalling molecule?

A

AGRP/NPY

Ghrelin

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6
Q

Binding of NYP to what receptor located on the neurons in the PVN, signals food intake?

A. MCR-4

B. Y1P

C. MCR-3

D. LepR

A

Y1P

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7
Q

Binding of a-MSH to what receptor located on the neurons in the PVN, signals satiety?

A. MCR-4

B. Y1P

C. MCR-3

D. LepR

A

MCR-4

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8
Q

Insulin, Leptin and CCK also bind to what receptor located on the AGRP/NYP neuron, to act as an anatagonist?

A. MCR-4

B. Y1P

C. MCR-3

D. LepR

A

LepR

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9
Q

Not only NPY gets released when grehlin binds, but so does AGRP. What is the affecrt of AGRP?

A. Agonist of MCR-4 leading to inceased signals to decreased food intake

B. Anatagonist of MCR-4 leading to decreased signals to decreased food intake

A

Anatagonist of MCR-4 leading to decreased signals to decreased food intake

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10
Q

T/F: Both the Anorexigenic pathway and Orexigenic pathway antagonize each other

A

True

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11
Q

Which of the following genetic causes of obesity is associated with:

Early onset severe obesity, infertility, hyperphagia, and infections

A. Leptin or Leptin Receptor gene deficiency

B. MCR4 mutation

C. Prader Willi Syndrome

D. POMC deficiency

A

Leptin or Leptin Receptor gene deficiency

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12
Q

Which of the following genetic causes of obesity is associated with:

Early onset severe obesity, increased linear growth, hyperphagia, and is the most common cause of genetic obestiy

A. Leptin or Leptin Receptor gene deficiency

B. MCR4 mutation

C. Prader Willi Syndrome

D. POMC deficiency

A

MCR4 mutation

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13
Q

Which of the following genetic causes of obesity is associated with:

Partial deletion of Chromosome 15, neonatal hypotonia, slow growth, small hands and feet, mental retardation, , hypogonadism, hyperphagia, and paradoxically elevated ghrelin

A. Leptin or Leptin Receptor gene deficiency

B. MCR4 mutation

C. Prader Willi Syndrome

D. POMC deficiency

A

PRader Willi Syndrome

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14
Q

Which of the following genetic causes of obesity is associated with:

Red hair, adrenal insufficiency due to ACTH deficiency, pale skin, hyperproinsulinemia, hyperphagia, and cholestatic jaundice

A. Leptin or Leptin Receptor gene deficiency

B. MCR4 mutation

C. Prader Willi Syndrome

D. POMC deficiency

A

POMC deficiency

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15
Q

The _______ is able to regulate food intake in response to peripheral signals even with the absence of higher brain input.

A. Forebrain

B. Midbrain

C. Hindbrain

A

Hindbrain

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16
Q

Which of the following hormones increases apetite, gastric motility, gastric acid secretion, and adipogenesis; and only decreases insulin secretion?

A. Insulin

B. Ghrelin

C. CCK

D. PYY

E. Leptin

A

Ghrelin

17
Q

Which of the following hormones elicits satiety by acting on Vagal-> NTS-> Hypothalamus circuit to decrease ghrelin and decrease gastric emptying leading to greater distention.

A. Insulin

B. Ghrelin

C. CCK

D. PYY

E. Leptin

A

CCK

18
Q

Which of the following hormones is released by L cells of the ileum and colon after a meal, and binds to Y2R in the hypothalamus to inhibit release of NPY and POMC neurons

A. Insulin

B. Ghrelin

C. CCK

D. PYY

E. Leptin

A

PYY

19
Q

Which of the following hormones stimulates the POMC pathway and also decreases ghrelin release?

A. Insulin

B. Ghrelin

C. CCK

D. PYY

E. Leptin

A

Leptin

  • FF: Administration of Leptin in the SubQ of kids with congenital leptin deficiency leads to decreased fat mass, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperlipidemia.
20
Q

T/F: Adipocytes signals work in long-term energy balance, while gut peptides modulate on a meal to meal basis

A

True

21
Q

Look at this and know it

A

Cool

22
Q

Which of the following gut hormones is co-secreted with PYY from L cells in the ileum, and works to reduce food intake, suppress glucagon secretion, and delays gastric emptying?

A. GLP-1

B. Oxyntomodulin

C. Pancreatic peptide

D. Glucagon

E. Amylin

A

GLP-1

23
Q

Which of the following gut hormones is released from L cells (like GLP-1 and PYY), but is released in response to food intake that is in proportion to caloric intake? (Has anorectic effects)

A. GLP-1

B. Oxyntomodulin

C. Pancreatic peptide

D. Glucagon

E. Amylin

A

Oxyntomodulin

24
Q

Which of the following gut hormones is decreases food intake directly through Y4R in the brainstem and hypothalamus?

A. GLP-1

B. Oxyntomodulin

C. Pancreatic peptide

D. Glucagon

E. Amylin

A

Pancreatic peptide

25
Q

Which of the following gut hormones is stored and released with insulin in response to food intake, and contributes to anorectic effects by inhibiting NPY?

A. GLP-1

B. Oxyntomodulin

C. Pancreatic peptide

D. Glucagon

E. Amylin

A

Amylin

26
Q

What are the effects on the levels of Leptin, Ghrelin resistance, and PYY in people with anorexia nervosa?

A

Leptin: Decreased

Ghrelin Resistance: Increased

PYY: Increased

  • decrease in fat causes decrease in leptin release
27
Q

Which of the following is true of Glucagon?

A. Reduces food intake

B. Increases food intake

C. Has no effect on food intake

D. None of the above

A

Reduces food intake

  • think of it as delaying need for food intake since it causes us to make glucose elsewhere when depleted
28
Q

Which of the following hormones decreases hunger both by inhibiting AGRP/NPY neurons and stimulating the POMC pathway? Choose all that apply:

A. PYY

B. CCK

C. Insulin

D. Leptin

E. Ghrelin

A

C. Insulin

D. Leptin

NOTE:

  • PYY- only inhibits AGRP/NPY*
  • CCK- causes satiety by decreasing Ghrelon, slowing gastric emptying, and increasing gastric distention*
  • Ghrelin- increases hunger*
29
Q

What is the ONLY orexigenic hormone that we talked about in this lecture?

A

Ghrelin

30
Q

Look at this

A

Cool

GIGU and Repro (35 decks)

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