Biliary Secretion: Hepatobiliary Function Flashcards
T/F: Liver failure can result in hypoalbuminemia which may lead to edema
True
The following are clinical manifestations that can result from cirrhosis. Which of them is due to lack of urea processing?
A. Acites
B. Portal Hypertension
C. Bruising
D. Hepatic Encephalopathy
Hepatic Encephalopathy
The following are clinical manifestations that can result from cirrhosis. Which of them is due to lack of albumin and decreased oncotic pressure?
A. Acites
B. Portal Hypertension
C. Bruising
D. Hepatic Encephalopathy
Acites
The following are clinical manifestations that can result from cirrhosis. Which of them is due to lack of coagulation factors?
A. Acites
B. Portal Hypertension
C. Bruising
D. Hepatic Encephalopathy
Bruising
The following are clinical manifestations that can result from cirrhosis. Which of them is due to a fibrotic liver? This one can also cause caput medusae and esophageal varices.
A. Acites
B. Portal Hypertension
C. Bruising
D. Hepatic Encephalopathy
Portal Hypertension

What is the name of the chronic liver disease where normal cells are damaged and replaced by scar tissue?
What is the most common cause of this disease?
Cirrhosis
Excessive alcohol consumption
Which of the following most likely results due to excessive alcohol consumption and eventually leads to steatohepatitis? Bonus: What is Steatohepatits?
A. Accumulation of unconjugated bilirubin
B. Accumulation of fat in hepatocytes
C. Accumulation of urea in systemic circulation
D. None of the above
Accumulation of fat in hepatocytes
Steatohepatitis is a fatty liver accompanied by inflammation that leads to scarring and cirrhosis
Cirrhosis can cause portal hypertension because hypertension develops when there is resistance to portal blood flow. Associated with Portal Hypertension are changes to venous circulation that can lead to what 2 things?
Describe them both with extra emphasis on location
Esophageal Varices: the inferior end of the esophagus is a swollen connection between systemic and portal systems
Caput Medusae: around the umbilicus is a swollen connection between systemic and portal systems

Which of the following decreases hepatic urea cycle metabolism, and leads to the accumulation of ammonia in the systemic circulation as seen in Hepatic Encephalopathy?
A. Cirrhosis only
B. Portosystemic Shunting only
C. Both Portosystemic shunting and Cirrhosis
D. None of the above
Both Portosystemic shunting and Cirrhosis
Which of the following is the second most abundant in the composition of bile acids?
A. Bile Salt
B. Bile pigment (e.g. bilirubin)
C. Cholesterol
D. Phospholipid (e.g. lecithin)
Phospholipid (eg, lecithin)
T/F: The function of bile is it’s a vehicle for the elimination of substances from the body and it solves the insolubility problem of lipids
True
Which of the following accurately represents the relative amount of the four bile acids found in the body from greatest to least?
A. Cholic acid> Deoxycholic acid > Chenodeoxycholic acid > lithocholic acid
B. Lithocholic acid > deoxycholic acid > chenodeoxycholic acid > cholic acid
C. Cholic acid > Chenodeoxycholic acid > Deoxycholic acid > Lithocholic acid
D. Chenodeoxycholic acid > cholic acid : lithocholic acid > deoxycholic acid
Cholic acid > Chenodeoxycholic acid > Deoxycholic acid > Lithocholic acid
Which of the following is the location of most secondary bile acids?
A. Hepatocytes
B. Small Intestine
C. Liver
D. Kidney
Small Intestine
Which of the following is the location of conjugation of bile acids to bile salts
A. Hepatocytes
B. Small Intestine
C. Liver
D. Kidney
Liver or Hepatocytes is correct
Which of the following is the location for the emulsification and digestion of fats?
A. Liver
B. Gallbladder
C. Deuodenum
D. Ileum
E. Jejunum
Deuodenum
Which of the following is the location for the active absorption of bile acids?
A. Liver
B. Gallbladder
C. Deuodenum
D. Ileum
E. Jejunum
Ileum
Which of the following is the location for micelle formation and fat absorption?
A. Liver
B. Gallbladder
C. Deuodenum
D. Ileum
E. Jejunum
Jejunum
What substance is secreted when chyme reaches the small intestines to both stimulate the contraction of the gallbladder and relax the Sphincter of Oddi?
A. Gastrin
B. CCK
C. Secretin
D. Somatostatin
CCK
Once in the the bile canaliculi, the bile is secreted by ductal cells in response to what?
A. Osmotic effects of cation transport
B. Osmotic effects of anion transport
C. Combines effects of secretin and CCK
D. Effects of secretin only
Osmotic effects of anion transport
Bile secretion occurs via 2 mechanisms. What are those two mechanisms? Indicate which one is true for almost all bile secretion?
1. Bile acid dependent
- most common
2. Bile acid-independent or ductular secretion: via Secretin
What substance stimulates the secretion of HCO3 and H2O frin the ductile cells that causes an increase in bile volume, [HCO3], and thus pH? Bonus: what happens to the concentration of bile salts?
A. Gastrin
B. CCK
C. Secretin
D. Somatostatin
Secretin
bile salt concentration decreases
T/F: Secretion of bile acids is accompanied by the passive movement of cations into the canaliculi, which makes them more positive
True
T/F: Canalicular bile is a primarily an ultrafiltrate of plasma
True
Which of the following accuretly describes what occurs during the interdigestive period?
A. Gallbladder is contracting
B. Sphincter of Oddi is closed
C. CCK is released
D. All of the above
Sphincter of Oddi is closed
Interdigestive period:
- relaxed gallbladder and closed sphincter of Oddi to allow bile to fill gallbladder
Upon eating
CCK is released and gallbladder contracts, and sphincter opens to let bile flow out and help with digestion and absorption


