Peritoneal Cavity and Mesenteries

Question 1

What are the 3 functions of the peritoneum?

Answer 1

1. produce peritoneal fluid for lubrication
2. minimize friction between organs
3. resist infection: produce Abs and leukocytes, and localize infection

Question 2

What is the primordium of the peritoneum?

A. Ectodermal lining of intraembryonic coelom

B. Hindgut endoderm

C. Endodermal lining of intraembryonic coalom

D. Mesodermal lining of intraembryonic coelom

Answer 2

Mesodermal lining of intraembryonic coelom

Question 3

The subphrenic recesses are sueprior extensions of the Greater Sac that extend between the diaphragm and the liver. The recess is seperated into right and left spaces by what ligament?

Answer 3

Falciform L.

The falciform L. might prevent the spread of pus or fluid from

Question 4

What are the retroperitoneal organs?

Answer 4

SAD PUCKER

Suprarenal glands

Abdomina Aorta/ IVC

Duodenum (second and third parts)

Pancreas

Ureter

Colon (descending and ascending)

Kidneys

Esophagus

Rectum (technically subperitoneal)

Question 5

Describe the clinical significance of the paracolic gutters, subphrenic spaces, and pararectal
spaces.

Answer 5

These spaces determine the flow of ascitic fluid (arrows) when inclined or upright.

Question 6

The peritoneal cavity is divided into Lesser Sac (omental Bursa) and Greater Sac. Which of the following describes the lesser sac?

A. Found between lesser omentum and greater omentum anterior to the stomach

B. Found between lesser omentum and greater omentum posterior to the stomach

C. Space extends from stomach to transverse colon

D. None of the above

Answer 6

Found between lesser omentum and greater omentum posterior to the stomach

NOTE: also posterior to caudate lobe of liver

Question 7

The Lesser sac is closed off from the Greater Sac, with the exception of what structure that allows them to communicate?

Answer 7

Epoploic Foramen

Question 8

The Epoploic Foramen is bordered by what four things?

Anteriorly:

Posterior:

Superiorly:

Inferiorly:

Answer 8

Anteriorly: Hepatoduodenal L.

Posterior: IVC

Superiorly: Caudate lobe of Liver

Inferiorly: Duodenum (first part)

AH PI SCID

Question 9

In males, the Greater Sac is completely closed off, however in females this portion of the cavity can communicate with the outside world via what pathway? Note, this pathway makes it a potential pathway for infection

A. Uterine Tubes > Uterine Cavity > Vagina

B. Kidney > Ureter > Bladder > Urethra

Answer 9

Uterine Tubes > Uterine Cavity > Vagina

Question 10

What structure divides the peritoneal cavity into Supracolic and Infracolic compartments?

A. Stomach

B. Small intestine

C. Falciform L.

D. Transverse Mesocolon

Answer 10

Transverse Mesocolon

Question 11

What are the contents of the Supracolic Compartment?

Answer 11

Stomach

Liver

Spleen

Question 12

What are the contents of the Infracolic compartment?

Answer 12

Small Intestines

Ascending Colon

Descending Colon

Question 13

The mesentary is a double layered membrane that attaches to the posterior wall and what two structures?

Answer 13

Jejunum and Ileum

NOTE: Mesentary is the site where neurovasculature to the abdominal viscera/organs originates

Question 14

Which of the following describes the lesser omentum?

A. Mesentary that extends from lesser curvature and 2nd part of the duodenum to the liver

B. Mesentary that extends from greater curvature and 1st part of the duodenum to the transverse colon

C. Mesentary that extends from lesser curvature and 1st part of the duodenum to the liver

D. Mesentary that extends from greater curvature and 3rd part of the duodenum to the transverse colon

Answer 14

Mesentary that extends from lesser curvature and 1st part of the duodenum to the liver

Question 15

Which of the following describes the greater omentum?

A. Mesentary that extends from lesser curvature and 2nd part of the duodenum to the liver

B. Mesentary that extends from greater curvature and 1st part of the duodenum to the transverse colon

C. Mesentary that extends from lesser curvature and 1st part of the duodenum to the liver

D. Mesentary that extends from greater curvature and 3rd part of the duodenum to the transverse colon

Answer 15

Mesentary that extends from greater curvature and 1st part of the duodenum to the transverse colon

Question 16

The Lesser omentum consists of two ligamentus parts. What are those 2 ligaments?

Answer 16

Hepatoduodenal L.

Hepatogastric L.

Question 17

What peritoneal ligament extends from fundus of the stomach to the diaphragm?

A. Gastrophrenic L.

B. Gastrospelinc L.

C. Gastrocolic L.

D. Falciform L.

Answer 17

Gastrophrenic L.

Question 18

What peritoneal ligament extends from stomach to hilum of the spleen?

A. Gastrophrenic L.

B. Gastrospelinc L.

C. Gastrocolic L.

D. Falciform L.

Answer 18

Gastrospelinc L.

Question 19

What peritoneal ligament is the apron like part of the greater omentum that hangs fown from the greater curvature over the abdomen, but connects the stomach to the transverse colon?

A. Gastrophrenic L.

B. Gastrospelinc L.

C. Gastrocolic L.

D. Falciform L.

Answer 19

Gastrocolic L.

Question 20

What peritoneal L. contains the portal triad: hepatic artery, bile duct, and portal vein?

A. Hepatogastric

B. Hepatoduodenal

C. Gastrocolic

D. Gastrophrenic

Answer 20

Hepatoduodenal

Question 21

What are the 3 potential causes of Peritonitis? Provide examples

Answer 21

1. Bursed viscera like a ruptured appendix
2. Perforated viscera like a perforated gastric ulcer
3. Physical trauma to viscera like a knife wound

Question 22

Possibility for the spread of pelvic infection to the subphrenic recess is from what gutter?

Answer 22

Paracolic gutters

Question 23

What are 3 potential causes of fluid in the Lesser sac (omental bursa)?

Answer 23

1. Perforated posterior stomach wall
2. Pancreatitis
3. Trauma to the pancreas