Perineum Flashcards
What is the anterior, posterior and lateral boundaries (2) of the Perineum?
Anterior: Pubic symphysis
Posterior: Coccyx
Lateral Boundaries: Ischiopubic rami and Sacrotuberus Ligament
The imaginary line between ischial tuberosities divides the diamond shaped perineum into 2 triangles. What are the names of those triangles?
Urogenital Triangle: pubic symphysis and ischiopubic rami
Anal Triangle: coccyx and sacrotuberous ligament
What are the contents of the Anal Triangle?
Anal Canal
Ischiorectal Fossae
Pudendal canal
Inferior Rectal vessels
The posteriorinferior orientation of the anal canal is due to what muscle?
A. Puborectalis
B. Pubocentralis
C. Levator Ani
D. All of the above
Puborectalis
At the junction of the anal valves and anal sinuses is what structure that delineates area supplied by visceral vs somatic nerves?
Pectineal Line
Which of the following is the source of innervation for the area below the pectineate line?
A. Visceral afferents
B. Visceral efferents
C. Somatic afferents (S4) inferior rectal nerves
D. Somatic afferents (S4) superior rectal nerves
Somatic afferents (S4) inferior rectal nerves
Which of the following is found in the proximal half of the anal canal?
A. Internal Rectal venous plexus that drains into internal pudendal veins
B. Internal Rectal venous plexus that drains into hepatic portal system
C. External Rectal venous plexus that drains into internal pudendal veins
D. External Rectal Venous plexus that drains into hepatic portal system
Internal Rectal venous plexus that drains into hepatic portal system
Which of the following is found in the distal half of the anal canal?
A. Internal Rectal venous plexus that drains into internal pudendal veins
B. Internal Rectal venous plexus that drains into hepatic portal system
C. External Rectal venous plexus that drains into internal pudendal veins
D. External Rectal Venous plexus that drains into hepatic portal system
External Rectal venous plexus that drains into internal pudendal veins
The internal anal sphincter is supplied by what?
A. Inferior Rectal N. (S4) a branch of pudendal N.
B. External Rectal N. (S4) a branch of pudendal N.
C. Pelvic Splanchnic N. (S2-S4)
D. None of the above
Pelvic Splanchnic N. (S2-S4)
The external anal sphincter is supplied by what?
A. Inferior Rectal N. (S4) a branch of pudendal N.
B. External Rectal N. (S4) a branch of pudendal N.
C. Pelvic Splanchnic N. (S2-S4)
D. None of the above
Inferior Rectal N. (S4) a branch of pudendal N.
Which of the following ligaments is attached posteriorly to the external anal sphincter?
A. Sacrotuberous L.
B. Sacrospinous L.
C. Anococcygeal L.
Anococcygeal L.
What is the name of the bilateral, wedge-shaped space that’s found on either side of the anal canal?
In general what is this space filled with?
Ischorectal fossa
Neurovasculature and Fat
Which of the following are the lateral boundaries of the Ischiorectal fossae?
A. Skin of perineum
B. Levator ani and external anal sphincter
C. Obturator Internus and Ischium
Obturator Internus and Ischium
Which of the following make up the superomedial wall of the Ischiorectal fossae?
A. Skin of perineum
B. Levator ani and external anal sphincter
C. Obturator Internus and Ischium
Levator ani and external anal sphincter
NOTE: the base of the ischiorectal fossae is the skin of the perineum
T/F: Distention of the anal canal when defecating is made possible becuase the ischiorectal fossa is filled with fat, and no vital organs are near
True
On the lateral walls of the ischiorectal fossa (obterator internus and ischium) you can find what canal?
What are the contents (3) of the Pudendal Canal?
Pudendal Canal
Pudendal N., Internal Pudendal N., Internal Pudendal V.
What neurovascular bundle travels through the ischiorectal fossa on its way FROM the pudendal canal TO the anorectal canal?
What does this bundle supplu?
Inferior Rectal V./A./N.
External Anal Sphincter and skin
The urogenital triangle is seperated into deep and superficial perineal spaces. Which one contains the urogenital diaphragm, the associated fascia and contents?
Deep Perineal Space
The urogenital diaphragm is a continuous sheet of muscle that covers the gap between the ischiopubic rami. What structures are contained within the diaphragm(3)?
- Membranous urethra in males, and first part of the urethra in females
- Deep Perineal muscles
- Bulbourethral glands in males
What 4 structures are found in the superficial perineal space, at the root of the penis?
- Right and Left Crura
- Bulb of penis
- Ischocavernosus M.
- Bulbospongiosus M.
Which of the following muscles found in the superficial perineal space is responsible for helping to maintain an erection by compressing the vein that drains the corpus cavernosum?
A. Ischiocavernosus M.
B. Bulbospongiosus M.
Ischiocavernosus M.
NOTE: THe Bulbospongious M, compresses the urethra to help eject urine or semen
What muscle is located on the UG diaphragms posterior border?
A. Bulbospongiosus M.
B. Superificial Transverse Pernieus M.
C. Ischiocavernosus M.
D. None of the above
Superificial Transverse Pernieus M.
Which of the folloiwng structures that make up the shaft of the penis immediately surrounds the penile urethra?
A. Subcutaneous tissue (non fat)
B. Corpus Spongiosum
C. Corpus Cavernosum
D. Dorsal A/V/N of penis
Corpus Spongiosum
What are the contents of the VEstible of the Vagina which are surrounded by the labia minora? (4)
- External Urethral orifice
- Vaginal orific
- Paraurethral glands orifices
- Greater Vestibular glands orifices
