GI Organs Flashcards
There are 3 esophageal points of constriction. Which of the following is found at the junction of Pharynx and esophagus at the level of the cricoid cartilage?
A. Cervical Constriction
B. Thoracic Constriction
C. Diaphragmatic Constriction
D. Does not exist
Cervical Constriction
There are 3 esophageal points of constriction. At what location does the esophagus get cross by aorta and left main bronchus?
A. Cervical Constriction
B. Thoracic Constriction
C. Diaphragmatic Constriction
D. Does not exist
Thoracic Constriction
There are two types of hiatal hernias. Which one is characterized by the cardia od the stomach remaining in position, but the peritoneum and fundus of the stomach become anterior to the esophagus?
Does regurgitation occur with this hernia?
Paraesophageal hiatal hernia
No
Which of the following structures can be found posterior to the stomach?
A. Left lobe of liver
B. Left suprarenal gland and kidney
C. Splenic A.
D. Transverse Mesocolon
E. All but A
All but A
A vagotomy is the surgical removal of part of the Vagus N., that is often utilized to decrease the amount of stomach acid. What vagotomy would result in denervation of all of the stomach and most of the GI organs and liver?
A. Proximal Vagotomy
B. Selective Gastric Vagotomy
C. Truncal Vagotomy
Truncal Vagotomy
Which of the following is true of a Proximal Vagotomy?
A. Preserves pylorus, liver and biliary ducts, intestines, and celiac plexus
B. All sensory is lost in all parts of the stomach only
C. Stomach, Liver, Gallbladder are all denervated
D. None of the above
Preserves pylorus, liver and biliary ducts, intestines, and celiac plexus
A duodenal ulcer perforates posteriorly, and continues to erode posteriorly lying structure. What structure is most likely in danger?
A. Anterior Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal A.
B. SMA
C. IMA
D. Gastroduodenal A.
Gastroduodenal A.
During repair of a paraduodenal hernia, care must be taken not to injure what branches?
A. SMA and Left Colic A.
B. IMA and Middle Colic A.
C. IMA and Left Colic A.
D. SMA and IMA
IMA and Left Colic A.
Inferior mesenteric V. is in danger as well
What part of the duodenum is right of the IVC, and contains the Hepatopancreatic ampulla of Vater, Duodenal papilla, and Sphincter of Oddi?
A. 1st part of duodenum
B. 2nd part of duodenum
C. 3rd part of duodenum
D. 4th part of dodenum
2nd part of duodenum
The following viscera are found around the 2nd part of the duodenum. What structure(s) is found anterior? Bonus: what are the other relationships
A. Gallbladder (fundus)
B. Right Kidney and ureter
C. Head of Pancreas
D. Nothing
A. Gallbladder (fundus)
B. Right Kidney and ureter- posterior
C. Head of Pancreas-medial
The following structures surround the 3rd part of the duodenum. What structrure(s) are found superior to the 3rd part of the duodenum? Bonus: what are the other relationships?
A. Head of pancreas
B. Jejunum
C. IVC, Right psoas muscle and Right ureter
D. SMA
A. Head of pancreas
B. Jejunum- inferior
C. IVC, Right psoas muscle and Right ureter- posterior
D. SMA-anterior
The 4th part of the duodenum is attached to the posterior abdominal wall by what structure?
A. Gastroduodenual L.
B. Ligament of Treitz
C. Right Crus
D. Hepatoduodenal L.
Ligament of Treitz
NOTE: The Ligament of Trietz also anchors the 4th part to the Right Crus
All of the following structures are posterior to the 4th part of the duodenum EXCEPT?
A. Left crus of diaphragm, sympathetic trunk
B. Left suprarenal vein and renal vessels
C. Inferior Mesenteric V.
D. Body of pancreas
Body of pancreas
Traveling from jejunum to ileum, everything decrease EXCEPT?
A. Amount of fat and number of arcades
B. Length of vasa recta (straight arteries)
C. Amount of plicae circularis (mucosal folds)
D. Width and thickness
Amount of fat and number of arcades
ILeum has more fat and arcades
(ileum is fatter from playing in arcades all day)
THe mesentary crosses all of the following structures EXCEPT?
A. 3rd and 4th part of duodenum
B. Aorta and IVC
C. Right psoas major
D. Left gonadal A/V and Left Ureter
Left gonadal A/V and Left Ureter
It crosses their Right counterparts
- Right ureter, right gonadal A/V
An inflamed Ileal (Meckel’s) Diverticulum, can sometimes mimick pain produced by appendicitis. However, it is a congenital abnormality where the ileocecal junction is free or attached to what structure?
Umbilicus
The right colic flexure is the transition of the ascending colon into the transverse colon. This flexure goes by another name that better indicates where it’s located. What is the right colic flexure also called?
Hepatic Flexure (by the liver)
The left colic flexure is the transition of the transverse colon to the descending colon. This flexure goes by another name that better indicates where it’s located. What is the left colic flexure also called?
Splenic Flexurs
Peyer’s patches are more densly poulated in what structure?
A. Duodenum
B. Jejunum
C. Ileum
D. Colon
Ileum
distal part of the ileum more so
T/F: Volvulus of the sigmoid colon is the rotation and twistinf of the mobile loop of the sigmoid mesocolon and is an acute surgical emergency
True
The pectinate line is clinically significat for the anal canal as it’s located at the inferior ends of the anal valves and helps differentiate the source of innervation the areas above and below the line receive.
In general, what is the nerve supply above and below the line?
Above: Visceral Sensory Nerves
Below: Somatic Sensory Nerves
THe spleen is located in the left hypochondriac region suspended by both the Gastrosplenic and Splenorenal Ligaments. What viscera is inferior to the spleen?
A. Fundus of stomach
B. Diaphragm
C. Left Colic Flexure
D. Left kidney
A. Fundus of stomach -anterior
B. Diaphragm- posterior
C. Left Colic Flexure
D. Left kidney - medial
The neck of the Pancreas overlies which of the following what structure?
A. Duodenum
B. Celiac Trunk
C. Superior Mesenteric A.
D. Esophagus
Superior Mesenteric A.
T/F: A gallstone passing along the extrahepatic bile passages may lodge in the constricted distal end of the ampulla, where it opens at the summit of the major duodenal papilla
True
The pancreas is superior to which of the following structures?
A. Lesser Sac and Stomach
B. Aorta, IVA, splenic V., SMA
C. 2nd part of the duodenum
D. 3rd part of the duodenum
D. 3rd part of the duodenum
What lobe of the liver is found between the gallbladder and falciform L.?
A. Right Lobe
B. Left Lobe
C. Caudate Lobe
D. Quadrate Lobe
Quadrate Lobe
T/F: Coronary Ligaments are reflections of visceral peritoneum from the liver to the diaphragm that surrounds the bare area of the liver
True
The common bile forms when what two ducts merge?
A. Right and Left hepatic ducts
B. Common hepatic duct and right hepatic duct
C. Cystic duct and left hepatic duct
D. Common hepatic duct and Cycstic duct
Common hepatic duct and Cystic duct
NOTE: R/L Hepatic ducts come together to form the common hepatic duct
T/F: Blockage of the hypatopancreatic duct blocks both common bile duct and main pancreatic duct
True
The common bile duct is part of the portal triad and travels posterior to what structures?
A. Spleen and head of pancreas
B. Uncinate of the pancreas and 3rd part of the duodenum
C. 1st part of the duodenum and head of pancreas
D. SMA and right kidney
C. 1st part of the duodenum and head of pancreas
Read these:
Peritonitis may result in the formation of localized abscesses (collections of purulent exudate, or pus) in various parts of the peritoneal cavity. A common site for pus to collect is in the right or left subphrenic recess or space. Subphrenic abscesses are more common on the right side because of the frequency of ruptured appendices and perforated duodenal ulcers. Because the right and left subphrenic recesses are continuous with the hepatorenal recess (the lowest [most gravity-dependent] parts of the peritoneal cavity when supine), pus from a subphrenic abscess may drain into one of the hepatorenal recesses (Fig. 5.64E), especially when patients are bedridden.
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Read These:
Cancer involving the pancreatic head accounts for most cases of extrahepatic obstruction of the biliary ducts. Because of the posterior relationships of the pancreas, cancer of the head often compresses and obstructs the bile duct and/or the hepatopancreatic ampulla. Obstruction of the biliary tract, usually the common bile duct or ampulla, results in the retention of bile pigments, enlargement of the gallbladder, and obstructive jaundice. Jaundice (Fr. jaune, yellow) is the yellow staining of most body tissues, skin, mucous membranes, and conjunctiva by circulating bile pigments.
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