Esophagus & Stomach Histology Flashcards
All of the following basic mucosal Types are simple columnar epithelium, except which of the following that’s found in oral cavity, pharayn, and anal canal? Bonus: What cell type is found there?
A. Protective
B. Secretory
C. Absorbative
D. Absorbative-Protective
Protective
Non-keratinized stratified Squamous
GI tract in general has 4 layers. From lumen to superficial what are those layers? Bonus: Indicate what layer changes the most from region to region
- Mucosa: changes the most from region to region
- Submucosa
- Muscularis Externa
- Serosa/Adventitia
Which of the following is most representative of the type of mucosal epithelium you would find in the Large Intestine (Absorbative/Protective)
D
What structure is depicted here?
Does it have serosa or adventitia?
Esophagus
Both serosa and adventitia (mostly adventitia)
Esophageal Varices can form in what vascular layer that’s home to much collagin and elastin?
A. Mucosa
B. Submucosa
C. Muscularis Externa
D. Serosa/Adventitia
Submucosa
What type of epithelial covering characterizes the esophagus mucosa?
A. Simple columnar epithelium
B. Simple cuboidal epithelium
C. Non keratinized Stratified squamous
D. Keratinized stratified squamous
Non keratinized Stratified squamous
What portion of the esophagus are we likely seeing here?
A. Upper third
B. Middle third
C. Lower third
A. Upper third- skeletal muscle
B. Middle third- skeletal and smooth muscle
C. Lower third- smooth muscle
Describe what’s happened in this histograph within the esophagus
GERD has led to Barret’s Esophagus
The chronic inflammation caused by gastric juices has transformed the non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium to become columnar mucus-secreting/glandular
Which of the following has been depicted below?
A. Upper third of esophagus
B. Middle third of esophagus
C. Lower third of esophagus
D. Gastroesophageal Junction
Gastroesophageal Junction
What are the three layers found in mucosa layer from lumen to most superficial?
Lining epithelium
Lamina propria: loose CT with immuno stuff
Muscularis mucosa
What is the submucosa layer comprised of?
A. Dense regular CT with lympahtics and neurovasculature
B. Loose CT
C. Dense irregular CT with lymphatics and neurovasculature
D. 2 smooth muscle layers
C. Dense irregular CT with lymphatics and neurovasculature
Glands can often be found in the submucosal layer of what 2 structures?
Esophagus and Duodenum
What is the name of the neurovascular plexus that resides between the inner circular and outer longitudinal layer of the Muscularis externa layer?
Myenteric Plexus
What is the difference between serosa and adventitia?
Serosa is adventitia that’s covered by mesothelium
Which of the following basic mucosal types are you most likely to find arranged as simple columnar epithelium with villi, crypts, and some glands?
A. Protective
B. Secretory
C. Absorbative
D. Absorbative-Protective
Absorbative
Which of the following is true of the Submucosal plexus of Meissner and Myenteric plexus of Auerbach?
A. Both are found in submucosal layer
B. Both are found in the muscularis externa
C. Both are responsive to local stimuli and ANS input
D. Both function to mainly control the activities of mucosal and submucosal glands
C. Both are responsive to local stimuli and ANS input
What major structure is being depicted below?
Myenteric Plexus of Auerbach
Where is the muscularis mucosa found along the esophagus? Bonus: Why is it only found in this portion?
A. Upper/ superior portion
B. Upper and medial portion
C. Medial and lower portion
D. Lower/Inferior portion of the esophagus
D. Lower/Inferior portion of the esophagus
- this is due to the presence of Cardiac glands in the lower portion of the esophagus, and the muscularis mucosa works to control motilitu of mucosa and mucosal glands
T/F: The Thoracic Esophagus has serosa, while the portion inferior to the diaphragm has adventitia
FALSE FALSE FALSE
Thoracic esophagus has adventitia
Esophagus below diaphragm has serosa
What tissue is pictured in the histograph below?
Esophagus
What glands are found in the lamina propria of the terminal esophagus, and become active when [ushing food down, in order to protect tissue from gasric regurgitation?
Cardiac Esophageal Glands
What portion of the GI tract is depicted in all of these photos?
Gastroesophageal Junction
The Stomach can be broken up into 4 anatomical regions. What are those regions?
The Stomach can also be broken up into 2 regions based on their motility characteristics. What are those regions?
Anatomical: Cardia, Fundus, Body, Pyloric Antrum
Motility: Orad area and Caudad Area
T/F: Gastric Mucosal folds called rugae, are covered by gastric pits
True
What three glands can be found in the lamina propria of the stomach?
Cardiac Glands
Gastric Glands
Pyloric Glands
The stomach muscularis externa is different from the esophagus, as it has three layers. What are those layers going from most luminal to superficial?
A. Oblique > Circular > Longitudinal
B. Circular > Longitudinal > Oblique
C. Circular > Oblique > Longitudinal
D. Longitudinal > Circular > Oblique
Oblique > Circular > Longitudinal
The Mucosa layer of the stomach has lamina propria, and muscularis mucosa layer found throughout. The fibers of the mucosa layer are predominantly what?
A. Collagen and elastin
B. Hyaline and elastin
C. Reticular and Collagen
D. All of the above
Reticular and Collagen
NOTE: collagen and elastin are the main components submucosa layer of the stomach as well as the esophagus
In the pyloric region of the stomach, which of the following layers of the muscularis externa thickens to form the pyloric sphincter?
A. Oblique
B. Longitudinal
C. Circular
D. Skeletal
Oblique
Which of the following is true of the Fundic (Gastric) Glands of the stomach?
A. Complex, branched, and tubular glands that are present throughout gastric mucosa
B. Simple, branched, tubular glands that are present throughout the gastric mucosa
C. Extend from the bottom of gastric pits and go into the muscularis mucosa lyer
D. All except A
E. All except B
D. All except A
B. Simple, branched, tubular glands that are present throughout the gastric mucosa
C. Extend from the bottom of gastric pits and go into the muscularis mucosa lyer
Which of the following region/locations contains stem cells
A. Gastric pit
B. Isthmus/neck
C. Galstric glands
Isthmus/neck
Which of the following cells is found single or in clusters, with a round nucleus and apically located secretory granules?
A. Chief cells
B. Mucous neck cells
C. Parietal cells
D. Surface mucous cells
Mucous neck cells
Which of the depicted cells are found in the inferior region of the gastric glands, and are responsible for producing pepsinogen and gastric lipase ?
A. Chief Cells
NOTE: C depicts parietal cells
Identify the cells marked A and B, then indicate the products they secrete
A- Mucus neck cell: alkaline mucus/water secretion
B- Parietal cell: HCl and Intrinsic factor
What is the primary location of parietal cells of the stomach? Bonus: What cells are found in the other locations that were described?
A. Lining the lumen and gastric pits
B. Near neck and upper segment of gastric glands
C. Inferior region of gastric glands
D. In the neck in singles or clusters
A. Lining the lumen and gastric pits Surface Mucous Cells
B. Near neck and upper segment of gastric glands
C. Inferior region of gastric glands Chief cells
D. In the neck in singles or clusters Mucus neck cells
T/F: When parietal cells are activated, they form caniculi which are deep invaginations within the apical membrane
True
Which of the following best describes parietal cells?
A. Single round nuclei and apical secretory granules
B. Abundant RER and apical secretory granules (zymogens)
C. Large, round pyramidal shaped cells with 1-2 central round nuclei, and a lot of mitochondria
D. None of the above
Large, round pyramidal shaped cells with 1-2 central round nuclei, and a lot of mitochondria
Look at these enteroendocrine cells and all of the things they are able to secrete
Cool
What cells or glands are indicated by the letter A?
Cardiac Glands
- These glands are tubular, coiled, and have some branching
- There openings are continuous with gastric pits
What is the hallmark appearance of Cardiac glands in oblique cuts histologically?
A. Square
B. Circular
C. Triangular
D. Octagonal
Circular
NOTE: they are lined by mucus secreting cells as well
The indicated cells (A) sometimes contain GALT in the lamina propria, and occasionally house enteroendocrine cells and parietal cells. What glands are depicted below?
These branched, coiled, tubular glands are found between what 2 anatomical regions of the stomach?
Pyloric Glands
Fundus & Pylorus
