Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GIGU and Repro > Parturition, Lactation, and Neonatal Physiology > Flashcards

Parturition, Lactation, and Neonatal Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the weak, irregular contractionsthat occur towards the end of pregnancy that are not quite powerful enough to induce labor, and are more though to prep uterus for parturition?

A

Braxton Hicks Contractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Administration of nuclear progesterone antagonist would lead to what?

A. Increase in myometrial contractility

B. Increase in estrogen receptor expression

C. Restrict induction of labor

D. All of the above

A

Increase in myometrial contractility

NOTE: progesterone promots relaxation of the myometrium, and blocks contractions of labor, so administration of an antagonist can be used to induce labor/contractions at any stage in pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Elevated levels of which of the following is associated with premature birth, even though it plays a role in keeping the uterus in a quiet state during pregnancy?

A. Prostaglandins

B. Oxytocin

C. Estrogen

D. Relaxin

E. Progesterone

A

Relaxin

NOTE: max plasma concentrations are seen around weeks 38-42, and we think it may soften and help dilate the cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which of the following is the primary stimulus for release of oxytocin?

A. Estrogen and Progesterone secretion

B. Prostaglandins and estrogen promoting formation of gap junctions

C. Estrogen stimulating formation of gap junctions and increasing number of oxytocin receptors

D. Distention of the cervix and initiation of Ferguson Reflex

A

Distention of the cervix and initiation of Ferguson Reflex

While prostaglandins and estrogen do what options B and C express, it is not the main stimulus according to Dr. Creamer’s slides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which of the following is true of estrogen in regards to pregnancy?

A. Increases myometrial contractility and cervical dilation

B. Opposes the action of progesterone by increasing responsiveness to oxytocin and prostaglandins

C. Increases release of prostaglandins by fetal membranes

D. All of the above

A

All of the above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Estrogen stimulates expression of enzyme collagenase to enact what effect?

A. Relax and allow distention of myometrium

B. Dilate the cervix and initiate a wave of contractions

C. Relax and allow distention of the cervix

D. All of the above

A

Relax and allow distention of the cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

At what point does estrogen increase the amount of oxytocin receptors in the uterus, that the uterus is no longer insensitive to oxytocin?

A. about 10 weeks gestation

B. about 20 weeks gestation

C. about 30 weeks gestation

D. about 40 weeks gestation

A

about 30 weeks gestation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What 3 things stimulate prostaglandin synthesis?

A

Estrogen (fetal membranes)

Oxytocin (uterine cells)

Uterine stretch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What hormone gets released from the placenta and triggers positive feedback cycles as it enters maternal and fetal circulation, leading to events associated with initiation of labor?

A. ACTH

B. CRH

C. TSH

D. GnRH

A

CRH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

By the time the cervix is fully dilated it has drawn up to be just below the _______

A. Sacral Ala

B. Pelvic inlet

C. Ischium

D. Coxxyc

A

Pelvic Inlet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

T/F: The last phase of delivery is expulsion of the placenta, which seperates from the uterus as it contracts and reduces the area in which the placenta can attach

A

True

NOTE: detaching causes bleeding, but oxytocin release helps constrict uterine blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

All of the following can delay breathing upon birth, EXCEPT which of the following that actually stimulates breathing?

A. Prolonged labor

B. Use of anesthetics during labor

C. Sudden drop in temperature

D. Head trauma

A

Sudden drop in temperature

  • cooling and asphyxiation during birth stim breathing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 2 cardiovascular Right to Left shunts seen in the fetus?

A

Foramen ovale

Ductus arteriosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What structure is bypassed when we blood flows through the ductus venosus?

Blood travels from _______ > Ductus Venosus > ________

A

Liver

Umbilical Vein > Ductus Venosus > Inferior Vena Cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What structure is bypassed when we blood flows through the foramen ovale?

Blood travels from _______ > Foramen Ovale > ________

A

Right Ventricle

Right atrium > Foramen Ovale > Left Atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What structure is bypassed when we blood flows through the ductus arterosus?

Blood travels from _______ > Ductus Arteriosus > ________

A

Lungs

Pulmonary artery > Ductus Arteriosus > Aorta

17
Q

What is the first shunt the blood will pass through when entering fetal circulation from the mother?

A. Ductus Venosus

B. Ductus Arteriosus

C. Foramen ovale

A

Ductus Venosus

18
Q

Which of the following accurately describes mammary gland at birth?

A. Intricate duct system with multiple branching alveoli

B. Enterily lactiferous ducts with few alveoli

C. primary mamary cord coming off a mammary bud

D. Lactiferous ducts with branching that has small spheroidal masses

A

B. Enterily lactiferous ducts with few alveoli

19
Q

T/F: The contractile myoepithelial cells that move milk from alveoli into the ducts are found between the epithelial cell layer and basement membrane

A

True

20
Q

During pregnancy, what 4 hormones lead to full development of breasts?

A

Very high levels of estrogen and progesterone

Prolactin

hCS (hPL)

21
Q

What hormone is responsible for promoting contraction of myoepithelial cells and thus milk ejection?

A. mammogenic hormones (estrogen, prolactin)

B. lactogenic hormones (prolactin, hCS/hPL)

C. galactokinetic hormones (oxytocin)

D. galactopoietic hormones (prolactin)

A

galactokinetic hormones (oxytocin)

22
Q

What hormone is responsible for maintaining milk production after it has been established?

A. mammogenic hormones (estrogen, prolactin)

B. lactogenic hormones (prolactin, hCS/hPL)

C. galactokinetic hormones (oxytocin)

D. galactopoietic hormones (prolactin)

A

D. galactopoietic hormones (prolactin)

23
Q

What are the 5 major pathways of secretion of milk components by alveolar cells?

A

STL TP

Secretory Pathway

Transcellular endo and exocytosis pathway (proteins)

Lipid pathway

Transcellular salt and water pathway

Paracellular pathway (ions and water)

24
Q

Suckling, seeing, or hearing an infant activates afferent neural pathway from breast to spinal cord to hypothalamus. Another change that occurs is release of prolactin which stims milk production, Which of the following effects triggers the release of prolactin from lactotrophs?

A. Dopamine release is inhibited

B. Production and release of oxytocin from posterior pituitary

C. Inhibtion of hypothalmus releasing GnRH

A

Dopamine release is inhibited

  • just remember inhibiting dopamine, keeps dopamine from normally inhibiting the lactotroph so that it can release prolactin and stim milk production
25
Q

In cessation of lactation what system will remain even after full involution completes?

A

Ductal system

26
Q

GDM

A

Cool

GIGU and Repro (35 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions