Histology of Accessory Organs of GI Tract Flashcards
What main digestive gland secretes alkaline aqueous and enzymatic products into the duodenum?
A. Major Salivary Glands
B. Exocrine Pancreas
C. Liver (endocrine and exocrine gland)
B. Exocrine Pancreas
What is the order of saliva as it’s released from secretory cells and released into the oral cavity?
A. Intercalated duct > Acinus > Striated Duct > Excretory duct
B. Acinus > Striated Duct > Intercalated Duct > Excretory duct
C. Acinus > Intercalated duct > Striated Duct > EXcretory duct
D. Excretory duct > Striated duct > Intercalated duct > Acinus
C. Acinus > Intercalated duct > Striated Duct > EXcretory duct
T/F: The septa is a connective tissue capsule that divides the glands into lobules and lobes, while acting as a route for neurovasculature
True
Below is the pathway of saliva flow. For the bolded structures, indicate the epithelium type for
Acinus
Intercalated Duct
Striated Duct
Excretory Duct
Intercalated Duct: Low cuboidal epithelium
Striated Duct: Simple cuboidal to columnar epithelium
Excretory Duct: Simple cuboidal –> pseudostratified columnar or Stratified cuboidal
The excretory duct goes from simple cuboidal to pseudostratified columnar or stratified cuboidal. Between the two which is more common?
A. Simple cuboidal –> pseudostratified cloumnar
B. Simple cuboidal –> stratified cuboidal
Simple cuboidal –> Stratified cuboidal
Correctly label which micrograph has mostly mucous acini, serous acini, or mucoserous
Mucous is fluffy
What nerve passes through the gland that’s depicted in the micrograph below?
CN VII passes through the Parotid Gland
NOTE: Parotid gland is often confused with Pancreas histo slides
Each of the following glands are completely or mostly serous, EXCEPT for which one that is predominantly mucous secreting?
A. Parotid
B. Submandibular
C. Sublingual
Sublingual
Which of the following correctly describes the gland depicted in the micrograph?
A. Cells are capped by serous demilunes
B. Lacks defined capsule and has poorly developed intercalated and striated ducts
C. Largest of the salivary glands
D. Out produces all othe salivary glands
B. Lacks defined capsule and has poorly developed intercalated and striated ducts
NOTE: mostly mcuous producing (90%)
What salivary gland is depicted here?
What is one of their hallmark hat-like feature?
Submandibular gland
Serous Demilunes
Which of the following is true of submandibular glands?
A. Intercalated ducts are longer and striated ducts are shorter than those in parotid gland
B. Intercalated ducts are shorter and striated ducts are longer than those in parotid glands
B. Intercalated ducts are shorter and striated ducts are longer than those in parotid glands
Label each of the following glands
Nice
What is depicted in the micrograph below?
A. Parotid gland
B. Exocrine pancreas
C. Submandibular gland
D. Sublingual gland
Exocrine pancreas
NOTE: The centroacinar cells which are unique to the pancreas
- also pancreas DOES not have a striated duct like that seen in the parotid gland
T/F: Serous acinus are the functional unit of the exocrine pancreas
True
Which of the following does the Parotid gland have, that is lacking in the exocrine pancreas?
A. Intercalated duct
B. Acinus
C. Striated duct
D. Ability to secrete
Striated duct
A protein rich diet, causes the cells depicted below to synthesize more of what?
A carbohydrate rich diet causes the cells depicted below to synthesize more of what (2)?
Protein rich: proteases
Carbohydrate rich: amylases and proteases
NOTEL THe pancreatic acinar cells will change proenzyme production based on diet
What is depicted in the micrograph below?
A. Exocrine pancerase
B. Endocreine pancrease
C. Parotid Gland
D. Submandibular Gland
B. Endocreine pancrease
Which of the following cells are least abundant in the Islets of Lagerhan?
A. alpha cells: glucagon
B. beta cells: insulin
C. delta cells: somatostatin
D. PP cells: pancreatic polypeptide
C. delta cells: somatostatin
Liver structure varies in terms of its functional unit. Label the name of the structure based on the categories included below
Histological Functional unit:
Bile flow functional unit:
Blood flow functional unit:
Histological Functional unit: Hepatic Lobule
Bile flow functional unit: Portal Lobule
Blood flow functional unit: Hepatic acinus
What structure are the arrows indicating?
Bile canaliculi
The Hepatic lobule are hexagonal plates cromprised of hepatocytes and lined by sinusoides that organize the liver parenchyma .
What structure is found at the center of the hepatic lobules?
What structure is found at the peripheral angles of the hepatic lobules?
Center: Central Vein
Peripheral angles: Portal Triad (bile ductule, venule, arteriole)
What is depicted in the micrographs below?
A. Hepatic Lobule
B. Hepatic Acinus
C. Portal Lobule
Hepatic Lobule
What is the name of the cells that line the sinusoids and act as macrophages?
A. Kupffer cells
B. Hepatic stellate cells
C. Ito cells
Kupffer cells
NOTE: Stellate cells are Ito cells and they are ersponsible for storing Vitamin A and other fat soluble vitamins
What is the name of the potential space between hepatocytes and sinusoidal endothelium that allows exchange of materials between blood and hepatocytes?
Perisinusoidal Space of Disse
NOTE: Microvilli project into this space and get directly bathed with plasma that fills the space
Which of the following correctly illustrates the flow of bile from the center of the lobule to the periphery?
A. Bile canaliculi > Canals of Hering > Biles ductles > convergence > R/L Hepatic ducts
B. Canals of Hering > Bile canaliculi > Bile ductules > convergence > R/L Hepatic ducts
C. Bile canaliculi > Dile ductules > Canals of Hering > convergence > R/L Hepatic ducts
D. None of the above
A. Bile canaliculi > Canals of Hering > Biles ductles > convergence > R/L Hepatic ducts
What is the epithelial cell type of the cholangioctes that line the Canals of Hering?
A. Simple cuboidal
B. Simple columnar
C. stratified columnar
D. Stratified cuboidal
Simple cuboidal
The Portal lobule makes the _________ the central axis by sending an imaginary line between three central veins
A. Arterioles of portal triad
B. Venules of portal triad
C. Dile duct of portal triad
Bile duct of portal triad
The Hepatic/Liver acinus is a diamond shaped structure that occupies adjacent hepatic lobules. What is the Hepatic acinus structure/region based on?
A. Bile drainage pathway
B. Endocrine function as blood flows to central vein
C. [O2] gradient along sinusoids of adjacent lobules
D. None of the above
C. [O2] gradient along sinusoids of adjacent lobules
Cells within each zone of the liver acinus have different metabolic function and distribuitionof enzymes. Cells in which zone get the most nutrients and oxygenation?
Zone 1
Cells within each zone of the liver acinus have different metabolic function and distribuitionof enzymes. Cells in which zone are more likely to become ischemic in the case of decreased flow of O2 and nutrients?
Zone 3: cells closest to the central vein
Which of the following structures is depicted below?
A. Large Intestine
B. Duodenum
C. Barrot’s Esophagus
D. Gallbladder
D. Gallbladder
The muscularis externa has muscle fibers oriented in all directions
Which of the following is true about the structure depicted below?
A. Common, normal feature of gallbladder
B. Associated with decreased risk for gallstone formation
C. Develop as the result of hyperplasia of epithelial cells that go through the muscularis externa
D. Bacteria can accumulate causing chronic inflammation that increases risk for gallstones
E. C and D
C and D
C. Develop as the result of hyperplasia of epithelial cells that go through the muscularis externa
D. Bacteria can accumulate causing chronic inflammation that increases risk for gallstones
Rokitansky Aschoff Sinuses are deep diverticula of the mucosa that have extended through the muscularis externa as seen in the other photo. Normal? in the mucosa layer as seen in this photo below
