Endocrine Pancreas Flashcards
Read Endocrine pancreas chapter
Cool
All of the following modulate insulin secretion, but which of the following inhibits insulin secretion?
A. Ach
B. CCK
C. GLP-1
D. Somatostatin
Somatostatin
A biopsy of the pancreas is sent to the path lab for analysis. After a thorogh examination, it appears that there is an abnormality in the islets of Langerhans. There is a marked increase in the cell type that dominates the periphery, and a marked decrease in the cell type that dominates the center. What would be the expected change as a result of this?
A. Decreased insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin
B. Increased glucagon, decreased insulin
C. Increased insulin, and decreased glucagon
D. Sharply increased somatostatin alone
E. Loss of pancreatic polypeptide secretion
B. Increased glucagon, decreased insulin
Beta cells in the center: insulin and C peptide
Alpha cells in periphery: glucAgon
Delta cells interspersed: somatostatin
F cells…idk: pancreatic polypeptide
A hypothetical culture of special pancreatic beta cells is grown in a lab. These beta cells have a mutation that cause their K+ channels to be less sensitive to ATP. What would be the expected outcome of this mutation?
A. Channels are more likely to remain closed, ultimately increasin insulin secretion
B. Calcium influx in the cell increases
C. Decreased closure of K channels results in decreased insulin secretion
D. Inability of the beta cell to communicate with other endocrine pancreas cells
E. Blockage of insulin gene transcription
C. Decreased closure of K channels results in decreased insulin secretion
What are the steps to insulin release?
What effect should insulin have on the serum concentration of these molecules? (Increase or Decrease)
Glucose
Amino Acids
Fatty Acids
K+
ALL WILL DECREASE
- insulin takes those things out of the blood to BUILD and STORE
- insulin increases action of Na/K ATPase
- decreased gluconeogenesis and lipolysis (less ketoacids)
Which of the following is the cause of Type 2 DM?
A. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
B. Eating pure sugar everyday
C. Having a healthy balanced diet
D. Insulin resistance with progressive Beta cell exhaustion
Insulin resistance with progressive Beta cell exhaustion
Which of the following correctly explains why patients with Type 1 DM are more prone to DKA?
A. Near to complete loss of insulin means decrease in lipolysis and ketoacid production
B. Near to complete loss of insulin means increase in lipolysis and ketoacid production
C. Glucagon is always the problem
Near to complete loss of insulin means increase in lipolysis and ketoacid production
T/F: Patients with Type I DM are more likely to have HYPOkalemia
False; HYPERkalemia
- note: plasma levels of K+ might actually be within normal range normal, but intracellular K+ will be low because it’s all outside the cell
Why does giving an oral dose of glucose produce a more significant effect on insulin secretion than IV glucose?
A. IV glucose is immediately secreted in urine without entering the cells
B. Patients receiving glucose IV are usually so ill that metabolism is significantly affected
C. Incretin release is stimulated by IV glucose, causing decreased insulin activity
D. Oral glucose triggers incretin secretion, resulting in increased insulin activity
E. Somatostatin release is triggerd by IV glucose, suppressing insulin
Oral glucose triggers incretin secretion, resulting in increased insulin activity
Incretins are released by the intestines in response to GI glucose and fat. These stimulate insulin secretion through a different mechanism other than standard pancreatic beta cells. They also inhibit glucagon and gastric emptying. What are the 2 incretins?
GLP-1
GIP
- Systemic insulin resistance
- Impaired postprandial glucose tolerance
- Elevated fasting insulin
- Complete loss of beta cells
Insulin increases glucose transport into target cells like muscle and adipose by directing the insertion of what glucose transporter?
A. GLUT2
B. GLUT3
C. GLUT4
D. GLUT1
GLUT4
Treatment of T2DM includes caloric restriction, weight reduction, and administration of what drug that stimulates pancreatic insulin secretion?
A. Glucagon
B. Sulfonylurea
C. CCK
D. Urease
Sulfonylurea
