Reforms Flashcards
1
Q
All Reform Category
A
- Legal
- Local Government
- Military
- Education
- Economic
2
Q
Legal reforms instituted
A
- Introduced the court of law
- Freedom of speech
- Well paid judges and jury
- Avoiding corruption
- Western style system work
3
Q
Pros of Legal reforms
A
- Everyone has a fair trial
- Career opportunities
- True freedom of speech
4
Q
cons of legal reforms
A
- Favoured nobility
- No political trials
- Secret police
5
Q
Local government instituted
A
- Zemstvo set up in 1864
- Dumas set up in 1870 (intended to use them to support the traditional system of government)
- Zemstvo + Dumas had power over public: health, prisons, roads, agriculture, education
6
Q
Pros of local government
A
- new opportunities for politicians were provided
7
Q
cons of local government
A
- Police remain in control
- Provincial government could overrule zenstvo decisions
- Zenstvo short of money = practical options limited
- Voting system heavily in support of nobalities + landowners
8
Q
Military reforms instituted
A
- Military humiliated after defeat in Crimean war was a catalyst for reforms which prioritized army modernization
9
Q
Pros of military reforms
A
- Reduced length of service for conscripts from 2Y - 6Y in service, and 9Y in reserve
- Introduced universal military service for all 20+ males
- Military reform made army more civilized + efficient
10
Q
Educational reforms instituted
A
- New atmosphere for toleration and reform
- Lectures on European law + philosophy were allowed
- Scholars allowed to study abroad
- New breed of liberal professors replaced conservatives
- Poor students didn’t have to pay school fees
11
Q
pros of educational reform
A
- number of children attending elementary school increased by a lot
- From 1856-78 number of children in schools doubled from 450,000 to 1M+
12
Q
Cons of educational reform
A
- Student radicalism grew and teaching lectures “ appeared to be serving not only academic and economic purposes but also promotion of political instability”
13
Q
Economic reforms instituted
A
- Crimean war defeat demonstrated that economic modernization was a priority
- Russian railway developed from 1600KM in 1861 to 22000KM in 1878, this is considered small compared internationally and b/c of russias size
14
Q
Pros of economic reforms
A
- Growth in railways provided empire w/:
. Stimulated internal trade
. Greater internal coherence through improved communication
. pretty large increase in oil + coal
. New industrial areas emerged
15
Q
Cons of economic reforms
A
- Little reform in the government taxation policies
- Peasants forced to pay poll tax, eventually exempt from and raised 80% over Alexander’s reign
