Mussolini Domestic Policies 2 - Society, religion, women Flashcards
8Jan25
Key social and ideological Aims?
Replace bourgeois mentality w/ commitment to fascism and nation
Key aim for women?
Wanted them to give birth for national utility and making army bigger
Battle of births?
Goal was to increase population from over 40M by 50% to 60% by 1950
Family expectations?
12 Children per family
What was used to encourage child birth?
Loans and tax breaks
- Gave mothers prizes w/ most children
How were childless couples punished?
Higher taxes and job restrictions
Quota system?
Introduced in 1933 to reduce number of working women to 10%
Results of ‘Battle of births’ policy?
Birth rate declined until 1936
- By 1950 population was only 47.5M
- Industrialized work force = 335 in 1936 from 30% in 1921
Why were policies on children?
Wanted them to be future fascists
What were teachers forced to do?
Forced for loyalty in 1929
- Oath of loyalty in 1937
What happened in schools?
- Cult of personality promoted
- Books lacking patriotism banned
- One national textb used by 1926
What did the national textb used in schools claim about ww1?
That Italy saved the allies in ww1
What did youth groups focus on?
Body and soul
- Millitary/ ideological training and sports + fitness
- Ex. ONB
A success of Mussolini’s policies?
Control of teacher + students and power of ONB
- By 1937 7M+ people had joined ONB
Failures of Mussolini’s policies?
- Not clear how many people actually committed to his ideals
- Many people left school starting at age 11
- ONB membership was not enforced
