comparing Hitler and mussolini Flashcards
Shared ideology and social aims?
- Nationalism key in achieving totalitarian state
- National expansion in foreign policy
- Militarism
- Anti - individualism
Foundational ideology specific to Hitler?
Volksgemeinschaft (peoples community) and lebenasraum (living space)
Mussolini’s quote about changing?
‘Only maniacs never change’
Youth in Italy?
- National youth movement 1926 (membership compulsory 1932)
- Sons of the volt for 4-8YO
- Allanguardista 14-18YO
Youth in Germany?
Millions joined starting at 4YO, membership compulsory in 1936
- Gender specific activities
What did both regimes encourage in terms of education?
Encouraged control over teachers, classrooms, schools, and curriculum
How were teachers dealt with?
Germany
1933 laws purged and non-nazi teachers
- Teachers league established in 1935
Italy
Anti - Fascist teachers removed in 1920s
- Oath of loyalty for teachers in 1929
Impact of education rules on students?
Germany
Improved academic results but no critical thinking
Italy
20% of children illiterate in 1931, not much progress
Nazi vs Italian slogan for women?
German: “ Kinder, kuche, kirche” (children, kitchen, church)
Italy: “ Angels of the hearth” “war is to men what maternity is to women”
What did both regimes encourage in terms of family?
Both regimes encouraged large families and promoted childbirth as natural duty
Battle of births’ in Italy?
Increase population by 50%
Nazi Germany birth?
- Marriage loans provided
- Reduced by 25% for every child born
- Increased welfare services for mothers
- Awards and medals for mothers with many children
Results of Birth in Germany?
Mixed result
- Slight increase in birth rate
- Caused labour shortages ww2, women back at work
Results of birth in Italy?
Mixed results
- Birth rate fell
- Women kept going to University
Propaganda in Italy VS Germany?
Germany: Biography of Hitler = 420k copies sold 1932-40
- Hitler’s b-day celebrated
Italy: il Duce
- Parades, speech’s, rituals, attemsp to revive spirit of roman empire
