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2ND SEM PHYSIO > [Recalls] GIT EVALS > Flashcards

[Recalls] GIT EVALS Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary site for absorption of nutrients?

A

Answer. Small Intestine

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2
Q

The muscle layer of the GIT consist of:

A

Answer: Inner layer Circular smooth muscle

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3
Q

Which of the following absorbs water and electrolyte?

A

Answer: Both large and small intestines

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4
Q

Which of the following absorbs lipids, carbohydrates and amino acids?

A

Answer: Small intestine

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5
Q

Digestion requires enzymes secreted in the following except:

A

Answer: Large intestine

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6
Q

Ingestion of food initiates multiple responses. Which of the following involves the release of neurotransmitter in the blood?

A

Answer: Endocrine

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7
Q

Which of the following is not true about GALT?

A

Answer: mucosal immune system, organized aggregates of lymphoid tissue, protects against potential pathogens, permits immunologic tolerance

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8
Q

It is the primary neural mechanism that controls GI function.

A

Answer: Enteric Nervous System

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9
Q

What plexus found in the submucosa only in small and large intestine?

A

Answer: Meissner’s plexus

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10
Q

What plexus located between the circular and longitudinal smooth muscle?

A

Answer: Myenteric and Auerbach’s plexus

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11
Q

Which of the ENS neurotransmitter is the primary preganglionic and postganglionic neurotransmitter regulating both secretory functions and muscle activity in GI tract?

A

Answer: Acetylcholine

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12
Q

Somatostatin: what GI peptide hormone source

A

D-cells

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13
Q

CCK:

A

I-cells

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14
Q

Gastrin

A

G-cells

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15
Q

Secretin

A

S-cells

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16
Q

Gastric secretions can amount up to 2 liters per day basal secretion is usually reach in which of the following:

A

Answer: Sodium

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17
Q

Which of the following is the most important stimulus for gastric acid secretion in humans?

A

Answer: Histamine

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18
Q

The following statement/s is/are true of secretin?

A

Answer: It can cause direct down regulation of parietal Hydrogen release

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19
Q

The presence of chyme in the duodenum will result in increase secretion of the following except:

A

Answer: Histamine

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20
Q

Gastric emptying: the emptying of solid is the function of:

A

Answer: smooth muscle in the antrum

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21
Q

The d-cells in the corpus in the stomach are triggered to release somatostatin by:

A

Answer: Neural and Hormonal mechanism

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22
Q

Which of the following is the most potent inhibitor of gastric acid secretion?

A

Answer: Lipids

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23
Q

In the process of gastric acid secretion, the secretion of Hydrogen Ion is due to extrusion of hydrogen from the cell lumen in exchange for:

A

Answer: Potassium

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24
Q

In gastric accommodation, cumulative increase in volume in the stomach causes an increase in intragastric pressure:

A

Answer: False

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25
Q

ECL cells

A

Histamine

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26
Q

I cells of duodenum and jejenum

A

CCK

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27
Q

Regulation of mucosal growth in corpus

A

Gastrin

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28
Q

Secreted also by pancreas and hypothalamus

A

Somatostatin

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29
Q

Chief cells

A

Pepsinogen

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30
Q

Which of the following is not one of the several different patterns of digestion?

A

Answer: Enzymatic

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31
Q

Celiac sprue

A

Duodenum and jejenum

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32
Q

Chronic pancreatitis

A

Fat digestion

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33
Q

Celiac sprue

A

Fat absorption

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34
Q

Surgical resection disease

A

Ileum

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35
Q

Lactase deficiency

A

Small intestine

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36
Q

Normal adult small intestine absorbs how many % of dietary lipid while carbohydrate provides ___ of the total energy needed of western diet:

A

Answer: 9.5, 45%

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37
Q

Mediates the facilitated diffusion of fructose into the enterocyte

A

Glut5

38
Q

Sodium coupled transporter that mediates the uptake of glucose and galactose

A

SGLT1

39
Q

Monosaccharides, basolateral membrane into interstitial space

A

Glut2

40
Q

Proteins are encoded by mRNA and consist of 20 amino acids, ___ of which are essential…

A

Answer: 9

41
Q

five pancreatic enzymes participate in protein digestion and are secreted as inactive proenzymes. Which of the following is not one of the five:

A

Answer: Elastase

42
Q

During the postnatal period, intestinal epithelial cells absorbs protein by:

A

Answer: endocytosis, pinocytosis…all of the above

43
Q

The term fat is generally used to refer to:

A

Answer: triacylglycerol, etc, all of the above

44
Q

Endogenous lipids are predominantly:

A

Answer: all of the above (bile lipids, lecithin and cholesterol)

45
Q

The salivary gland mainly produce secretion that has low glycoprotein content:

A

Answer: Parotid gland

46
Q

The most potent stimulator of CCK release is:

A

Answer: lipids

47
Q

Saliva contains the following except:

A

Answer: AOTA (ptyalin, lysozyme, etc.)

48
Q

The pancreas stores enzymes required for digestion and the greater pancreatic reserves are those that are required for the digestion of:

A

Answer: carbohydrates and proteins

49
Q

CCK is secreted in the:

A

Answer: small intestine

50
Q

the enzyme that converts trypsinogen to trypsin:

A

Answer: enterokinase

51
Q

The major 2nd messenger for the secretion of proteins:

A

Answer: calcium

52
Q

Most important humoral regulator of pancreatic ductal bicarbonate secretion:

A

Answer: secretin

53
Q

The following statements are true of pancreatic duct cell except:

A

Answer: secretin increase the secretion of glycoproteins from these cells

54
Q

Glands have different modes of secretion, which of the following release molecules which includes parts of the membrane:

A

Answer: mammary gland

55
Q

Which of the following increases the volume of enzyme content of exocrine pancreatic secretions:

A

Answer: secretin

56
Q

Sjogren’s syndrome, is a chronic progressive…etc:

A

lacrimal gland

57
Q

Primary secretion of salivary acinar cell contain the following except:

A

Answer: no exception (ptyalin, mucin, etc)

58
Q

The primary defect in cystic fibrosis affects which of the following:

A

Answer: apical chloride channel

59
Q

The exocrine pancreas and major salivary glands are compound specialized secretory organs which primarily aids in digestion. The pancreas measures 12.5-15cm.

A

Answer: False

60
Q

In obstructive jaundice, which of the following physiologic process is affected:

A

Answer: Conversion of bilirubin to urobilinogen

61
Q

Which of the following is the physiologic mechanism that actually prevents gallstones formation:

A

Answer: Acidification of bile

62
Q

A principal role of this glycoprotein is to transport TAG from the liver or intestines to peripheral tissues.

A

Answer: VLDL

63
Q

Unconjugated bilirubin is bound to which of the following to allow easier excretion:

A

Answer: Glucoronic acid

64
Q

Only conjugated bilirubin can be excreted in bile.

A

Answer: True

65
Q

Chylomicrons transport dietary TAG and cholesterol to adipose tissue and muscles.

A

Answer: False

66
Q

The liver hepatocytes have a zonal relationship that modifies liver function:

A

Answer: Zone III

67
Q

Biotransformation of drugs occurs primarily in:

A

Answer: Zone III

68
Q

Zone I of the liver is the area which is responsible for what hepatic function:

A

Answer: Oxidative

69
Q

This involves in reverse cholesterol transport:

A

Answer: HDL

70
Q

Which of the following is the effect of CCK on hepatobiliary function:

A

Answer: Relaxation of Sphincter of Oddi

71
Q

The form of bilirubin found on intestinal contact:

A

Answer: Stercobilin

72
Q

Development of shunt between the portal vein and vena cava as a result of schistosomiasis releases:

A

Answer: All of the above

73
Q

The enterohepatic circulation of the bile acids is driven by:

A

Answer: All of the above

74
Q

A regulation of biliary secretion is/are the following except:

A

Answer: CCK constricts sphincter of oddi

75
Q

The vitamin that is greatly stored in the Liver:

A

Answer: Vitamin A

76
Q

Absorption of sodium into the intestinal cells across the luminal membrane and down its electrochemical gradient in the following mechanisms, except:

A

Answer; sodium bicarbonate exchanger

77
Q

The GIT secretes electrolytes from blood to lumen and the secretory mechanisms are located in the:

A

Answer: crypt cells

78
Q

Which of the following is/are true of the colon:

A

Answer: The amplification of the surface area of absorption is marked in the colon (INVALID – dapat naa except)

79
Q

Fluid content of average diet is typically:

A

Answer: 1.5-2.5 L/day

80
Q

The amount of fluid reabsorbed by the colon per day is:

A

Answer: 1.9 L

81
Q

Which of the following is secreted by the colon:

A

Answer: HCO3 and potassium

82
Q

Fluid absorption in isosmotic in the small intestine similar to that of:

A

Answer: Proximal Tubule (renal)

83
Q

Potassium is actively secreted in the colon similar to:

A

Answer: Distal Tubule

84
Q

Increase in luminal fluid in the colon would:

A

Answer: Increase Potassium

85
Q

The primary ion secreted into the intestinal lumen is:

A

Answer: None of the above

86
Q

Diarrhea is the primary cause of dehydration. The type of diarrhea wherein substances are not properly hydrolyzed:

A

Answer: Osmotic

87
Q

In secretory diarrhea caused by Vibrio cholera toxin, which ion channel is open?

A

Answer: Chloride channel

88
Q

In diarrhea causing HCO3 to be excreted in large amount, another ion is absorbed in exchange:

A

Answer: Chloride

89
Q

What is solvent drag:

A

Answer: Solute movement may be coupled with fluid movement

90
Q

The component of the ORS and its therapeutic value in the treatment of diarrhea provide excellent demonstration of:

A

Answer: Water absorption is enhanced with increased concentration of glucose or amino acids

2ND SEM PHYSIO (27 decks)

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