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2ND SEM PHYSIO > Aging physio (ppt) - Dr. Nobleza > Flashcards

Aging physio (ppt) - Dr. Nobleza Flashcards

1
Q

Only a small portion of older people are care dependent.

A

True

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2
Q

Aging population will increase health care costs by as much as double the usual costs middle age groups.

A

False

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3
Q

70 is the new 60.

A

False

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4
Q

Good health in older age is the absence of disease

A

False

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5
Q

Aging is all about the genes

A

False

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6
Q

Progressive decline in physiologic function with development of age related diseases

A

Aging

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7
Q

Progressive decline in biological functions over time

A

Aging

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8
Q

Decreased resistance to various stress plus increase in susceptibility to infectious

A

Aging

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9
Q

Process of deteriorating changes during adult life

A

Aging or senescence

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10
Q

Decline of biologic functions and of the ability to adapt to metabolic stress

A

Aging or senescence

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11
Q

There is physiologic decline

A

Aging

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12
Q

It is not a disease

A

Aging

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13
Q

There is an increase in prevalence of disease

A

Aging

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14
Q

Occurs at different rates

A

Aging

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15
Q

Increasing number of population of people in the older age group

A

Aging population

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16
Q

Population is AGING when the population of older people in a given population comprise ______.

A

7% or over

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17
Q

Those aged 60 years old or over

A

Older people

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18
Q

___________ people are 60 years and older worldwide expected to double by 2025 and reach 2 billion by 2050.

A

600 million

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19
Q

Most countries have defined old age or elderly as _________.

A

65 years old and above

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20
Q

Minimum data set project for aging is 50 years old

A

Africa

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21
Q

Indicator of overall health of Philippines

A

Average lifespan of a newborn

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22
Q

Increase mobility

A

Physical activity

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23
Q

Giants of geriatrics:

A
  1. Memory loss
  2. Urinary incontinence
  3. Depression
  4. Falls or immobility
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24
Q

True or False: Diversity in old age is not random

A

True

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25
Q

________ are important but can not provide the care many older people need.

A

Families

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26
Q

________ on the older population is an investment not a cost

A

Expenditure

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27
Q

_____________ age does not help create jobs for the youth.

A

Mandatory retirement

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28
Q

The stereotyping and discrimination against individuals or groups on the basis of their age.

A

Ageism

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29
Q

Adults with negative attitudes towards aging may live ______ less than those with positive attitudes.

A
  1. 5 years

* Cause: cardiovascular stress, lowered levels of self efficacy and decreased productivity

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30
Q

The fastest growing segment of society

A

Older adults

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31
Q

Increasing number of the aging population has a strong __________.

A

Socio economic impact

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32
Q

The aim is to improve the qualitt and quantity of life of the __________.

A

Older population

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33
Q

The brain and aging:

A
  1. Slow reaction time
  2. Slow central processing
  3. Cognitive decline not marked without dementia
  4. Ability to learn is intact
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34
Q

In renal function and aging, MICTURITION REFLEX is ________

A

Delayed

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35
Q

Renal function and aging:

A
  1. Gradual decrease after the age of 30 years old
  2. Reduce bladder elasticity, tone and capacity
  3. Males: enlarged prostate
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36
Q

GIT Function and Aging:

A
  1. Decrease gastric acid secretion
  2. Decrease gastric motility and delayed gastric emptying
  3. Malabsorption: carbohydrates, vitamin B, D, folic acid and calcium
  4. Decrease sphincter activity and impaired sensation to defecate
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37
Q

Total energy expenditure

A

Decreases

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38
Q

Due to increased insulin resistance

A

Impaired glucose tolerance

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39
Q

Aging and the endocrine system:

A

Due to increase adiposity

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40
Q

Estrogen
Testosterone
Growth hormone
Melatonin

A

Decrease

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41
Q

Women

A

Menopause

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42
Q

Men

A

Andropause

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43
Q

Males between ages _______: about 5% males report loss of sexual activity

A

45-60 years old

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44
Q

Influenced by physchological and social factors

A

Sexual behavior

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45
Q

Hormones that may increase:

A

Parathyroid hormones

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46
Q

Goals of slowing the aging process:

A
  1. Delay aging
  2. Slowing the aging process
  3. Extend life
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47
Q

Maintaining functional ability

A

Healthy aging

48
Q

Preserving mental and physical ability as you age

A

Healthy aging

49
Q

Changing our environments (home, communities) to be ____________ to be accessible and supportive of older people and varying needs and capacities.

A

Elderly friendly

50
Q

Decrease strength and endurance of respiratory muscles: ___________

A

Type IIa muscles

51
Q

Atelectasis (decrease collagen and elastin support) is __________ in pulmonary function in aging

A

Increase

52
Q

Impaired ventilation of dependent portions, VQ mismatch and _______ PaO2.

A

Decrease

53
Q

Study of the physiological and psychological changes seen in old age

A

Geronotology

54
Q

Refers to the study of health problems and diseases prevalent in old age

A

Geriatrics

55
Q

Study of the physiological and psychological changes seen in old age

A

Geronotology

56
Q

Refers to the study of health problems and diseases prevalent in old age

A

Geriatrics

57
Q

Factors affecting aging:

A
  1. Genetics
  2. Physiology
  3. Lifestyle
  4. Socio-economics
58
Q

Refers to length of time the individual has existed.

A

Age

59
Q

Age determined by physiology

A

Biological age

60
Q

Normal transition occuring in life as one ages

A

Chronological age

61
Q

Associated with reparative and regenerative potential in tissues and organs

A

Biological age

62
Q

Age in calendar years

A

Chronological age

63
Q

With no pathology or functional loss

A

Healthy aging

64
Q

Aging process:

A
  1. Healthy aging: With no pathology or functional loss
  2. Aging with disease but without decline in function
  3. Aging with disease but with decline in function
65
Q

True or False:

People die longer now compared before.

A

false

*people LIVE longer now compared before

66
Q

Standard to determine aging

A

Functional capacity

*Determine HEALTH SPAN rather than life span.

67
Q

Normal course of aging

A

Primary aging

68
Q

Normal changes in the aging process

A

Primary aging

69
Q

Susceptibility to disease

A

Secondary aging

70
Q

Due to loss of body heat

A

Hippocrates

71
Q

Loss of irritability in muscle and nervous tissue

A

Darwin

72
Q

Loss of body heat; slowed by good hygiene

A

Bacon

73
Q

Modern theories of aging:

A

Programmed theories and Error or damage theories

74
Q

Aging is a result of sequential switching on and off of genes

A

Programmed longevity

75
Q

Damage or error theories

A
  1. Oxidative stress theory
  2. Glycation hypothesis of aging
  3. DNA damage theory of aging
76
Q

Cellular and molecular mechanisms of aging:

A
  1. Damage caused by oxidative stress
  2. Inadequate repair of damage
  3. Dysregulation of cell number
77
Q

Formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can cause potential damage to proteins, lipids and DNA.

A

Oxidative stress theory

78
Q

Examples of ROS

A
  1. Hydrogen peroxide
  2. Hydroxyl radical
  3. Superoxide anion radical
79
Q

Most important source of ROS is the ________________.

A

Mitochondria electron transport chain

80
Q

Eliminate superoxide anion radical but from hydrogen peroxide to OH

A

Superoxide dismutase

81
Q

Body has natural antioxidants in the form of enzymes which has important protective mechanism:

A

Superoxide dismutase
Catalse
Glutathione peroxidase
Vitamin C and E

82
Q

Major source of DNA damage

A

Oxidative stress

83
Q

Long lived proteins susceptible to damage:

A

Collagen

Elastin

84
Q

True or false: There is a decline in DNA repair process with advancing age.

A

True

*Variation in protein turnover

85
Q

The rate of total body protein turnover ________ with age.

A

Decreases

86
Q

With increasing age fluidity of the membrane decreases: affect barrier function, transport and signaling processes.

A

Membrane deterioration

87
Q

There is limited cell proliferation (role of telomeres) - Cell division decreases with age.

A

Hayflick limit

88
Q

Programmed cell death

A

Apoptosis

89
Q

Acculumation of genetic damage throughout life

A

Genomic instability

90
Q

Chromosomal region susceptible to age related deterioration leading to premature development of disease

A

Telomere attrition

91
Q

Affects DNA methylation pattern, post translational modification of histones

A

Epigenetic alteration

92
Q

Impaired protein homeostasis: chronic expression of folded, misfolded or aggregated proteins

A

Loss of proteostasis

93
Q

Decrease insulin growth factor I (I1s) signaling; physiologic and accelerated aging); Inc in I1s = longevity

A

Deregulated nutrient sensing

94
Q

With age, increase electron leakage and reduce ATP generation; increase damage and reduced turnover of mitochondria

A

Mitochondral dysfunction

95
Q

Levels of P16 iNKA4 linked to chronological age

A

Cellular senescene

96
Q

Decline in regenerative potentials of tissues

A

Stem cell exhaustion

97
Q

Inflammaging: accumulation of proinflammatory tissue damage, defective immune system

A

Altered intercellular communication

98
Q

Peak height for males:

A

18-19 years old

99
Q

Peak height for females

A

16-17 years old

100
Q

At 70 years old, height will decrease by _______.

A

2.5 to 5%

Causes:
Compression of cartilagenous disks
Loss of vertebral bone

101
Q

Body mass - adipose tissue fat mass

A

Fat free mass

102
Q

Fat free mass - bone + non adipose tissue mass

A

Lean body mass

103
Q

Accumulation of fat is seen in:

A

Abdominal viscera
Abdominal subcutaneous tissue

  • Adipose tissue fat mass increases with age
  • Weight increase until middle age
104
Q

Facial expression through the years is captured by _____.

A

Time

105
Q

_________ most people bear the typical lines of their expressions.

A

40 years old

106
Q

In epidermis, thickness ________.

A

Decreases

*Atrophy - exposed areas

107
Q

In the dermis, the collagen will be ______

A

Stiff

108
Q

Changes in hair follicles

A

White or gray hair

109
Q

Exercise in aging:
_______ in VO2 max
_______ in heart rate
_______ stroke volume

A

Decline
Less increase
Increase

110
Q

Throughout adult life

A

Bone remodeling

111
Q

Bone loss at the age of ______

A

30

112
Q 
Synovial joints and aging:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ joint flexibility
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of cartilage
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in tensile stiffness
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ fatigue resistance and strength
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ water content
A 
Decrease
Thinning
Decrease
Decrease
Decrease
113
Q

Motor and sensory transduction and aging:

__________ proprioception

A

Decrease

114
Q

High frequency sound

A

Presbycusis

115
Q

Major cause of disability in elderly

A

Reduction of muscle strength and power

116
Q

Singest largest cause of death after the age of 65 years old

A

Aging on the cardiovascular system

117
Q

Bluting of arterial baroreceptor reflex

A

Postural hypotension

2ND SEM PHYSIO (27 decks)

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