[RECALLS] 2nd Evals - PHYSIOLOGY OF AGING AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY (50 items) Dr. Miyake and Dr. Nobleza

Question 1

Refers to intrinsic changes occurring with age, unrelated to disease or environmental
influences:

Answer 1

Primary aging

Question 2

A neutral free radical which has the potential to damage important biological molecules
such as proteins, Lipids, and DNA:

Answer 2

Hydroxyl radical

Question 3

Age-associated diseases are the following: Type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, hypercholesterolemia (coronary artery disease), Parkinson’s except:

Answer 3

Hypertension

Question 4

What is the most reliable theory of aging?

a. Mitochondrial damage
b. Glycation products
c. Damage exceed the repair

Answer 4

c. Damage exceed the repair

Question 5

All are affected by aging (melanocytes, estrogen) except:

Answer 5

parathyroid hormone

Question 6

Hallmark of nervous system aging:

Answer 6

slowing of central processing

Question 7

Pressure at sea level:

Answer 7

760mm Hg

Question 8

Water vapor pressure in the alveoli remains at 47 mm Hg as long as the body temperature is
normal, regardless of altitude. What is not true:

Answer 8

(Water vapor pressure in the alveoli is high at high altitude.)

Question 9

What is not true regarding acclimatized natives:

Answer 9

body size: increased

*(body size: decreased;
chest size: increased)

Question 10

While diving on compressed air, the partial pressure of inhaled O2 increase, which increases depth, while percentage of inhaled O2 remains unchanged:

Answer 10

True

Question 11

What are the early signs in a pilot when exposed to transient cerebral flow?:

Answer 11

Loss of central vision + Loss of colour perception

Question 12

Immediate exposure to decreasing PO2 stimulates?:

Answer 12

Peripheral

Question 13

In acute cerebral edema hypoxia causes vessels in the brain to cause _______________,
causing ______________ blood flow in capillaries causing ________ pressure.

Answer 13

Vasodilation

Increase

Question 14

Increase Major determinants of risks of decompression sickness:

A. Depth
B. Time at depth
C. Ascent rate
D. Multiple dives
E. All of the above

Answer 14

E. All of the above

Question 15

Boyle’s law:

Answer 15

Pressure is inversely proportional to volume

Question 16

A scuba diver ascends rapidly from 20ft depth, where she has been for 15 minutes on her only dive of the day: Hazards include.

Answer 16

Neither air embolism nor

decompression sickness

Question 17

Tissue angiogenesis seen in individuals in high altitude is triggered by hypoxia.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

What will happen to inspired Pn2 when descending beneath the water? :

Answer 18

As barometric pressure increases, inspired PN2 also increases. An increase PN2 will cause more N2 to dissolve in pulmonary capillary blood.

Question 19

Type of decompression sickness that presents chokes and staggers:

Answer 19

Type II

Question 20

Type of decompression sickness with niggles and bends:

Answer 20

Type I

Question 21

Weightlessness causes cephalad shift.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Exposure to microgravity would cause:

Answer 22

1. Translocation of bodily fluids
2. motion sickness on first five days
3. diminished physical activity
4. spaceflight causes microgravity
5. increase in bone and muscle mass

Question 23

A climber attempts an assault on high mountain in Mt. Apo and reaches an altitude
of 5000km (16,400 ft) below sea level. What will happen to arterial PCO2 and pH?

Answer 23

pH will increase and PCO2 will decrease

Question 24

If the chest wall were perfectly compliant, a breath holding dive to 20m below the
surface would ____ the pressure and compress the air in the lungs to ____ volume.

Answer 24

Thrice

1/3

Question 25

All forms of barotrauma except:

Answer 25

Bends

Question 26

During descent air spaces decrease if the pressure inside the air space is the same as the pressure outside .

Answer 26

False

Question 27

A climber ascents to an altitude of 4000m (13,000 ft) which of the physiological changes listed below will not likely to occur?

Answer 27

Blood pH will fall.

Question 28

During the next few days in altitude, acclimatization occurs. There are mechanisms to cause slow increase in ventilation, which is not correct?

Answer 28

Spillage of HCO3 into urine that leads to osmotic diuresis and production of acidic urine (should be alkaline urine)

Question 29

Two effects of hyperventilation: 1. Brings alveolar PO2 to closer ambient PO2 2. Blows off CO2 Length of time and depth of dive is inversely proportional

Answer 29

True

Question 30

This occurs when bubble of gas causes the blockage of blood vessels that supply the heart, brain and other vital tissues:

Answer 30

Arterial gas embolism

Question 31

Which of the following is the main problem in aviation physiology?

Answer 31

Low O2 in high altitude

Question 32

A person in a orbiting satellite or non propelled spacecraft experiences near zero gravity force is called:

Answer 32

Weightlessness and Microgravity

Question 33

Following an extended dive why should the diver decompress slowly?

Answer 33

Allow enough time for dissolved N2 absorbed in tissues to blood to alveoli

Question 34

Following an extended dive, why should a diver decompress slowly?

Answer 34

Too rapid ascent causes n2 in the tissues to leave and form bubbles as barometric pressure falls

Question 35

99 ft underwater, you have compressed tank. As compared to the seawater level, the density and the volume of gas inside is?

Answer 35

Stays the same/unchanged

Question 36

Chronic O2 poison can cause pulmonary disability. After only about 12 hours at 1 atm can cause the following except:

Answer 36

Pulmonary consolidation

Question 37

About 4/5 of the air is nitrogen, the following are the effects of nitrogen to bodily function. Identify which one is not correct.

Answer 37

When the diver remains beneath the sea for an hour or more, the depth at which the first symptoms of mild narcosis appear is 200ft. (Symptoms appear at 100ft)

Question 38

``` A climber attempts an assault on high mountain in Mt. Apo and reaches an altitude of 5000km (16,400ft) below sea level. What will happen to his arterial PCO2 and pH? ```

Answer 38

pH will increase and PCO2 will decrease.

Question 39

At a depth of 66 ft, the air that enters the diver's lungs is?

Answer 39

3 times as dense

Question 40

A diver is exposed to which gases?

Answer 40

NITROGEN, OXYGEN, CARBON DIOXIDE

Question 41

Component of SCUBA which delivers air at ambient pressure to the diver:

Answer 41

Demand valve regulator

Question 42

Helium is more preferred than nitrogen in diving air mixture for the following reasons, except:

Answer 42

It has a higher density than nitrogen. (Helium has lower density)