[RECALLS] 2nd Evals - PHYSIOLOGY OF AGING AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY (50 items) Dr. Miyake and Dr. Nobleza Flashcards
Refers to intrinsic changes occurring with age, unrelated to disease or environmental
influences:
Primary aging
A neutral free radical which has the potential to damage important biological molecules
such as proteins, Lipids, and DNA:
Hydroxyl radical
Age-associated diseases are the following: Type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, hypercholesterolemia (coronary artery disease), Parkinson’s except:
Hypertension
What is the most reliable theory of aging?
a. Mitochondrial damage
b. Glycation products
c. Damage exceed the repair
c. Damage exceed the repair
All are affected by aging (melanocytes, estrogen) except:
parathyroid hormone
Hallmark of nervous system aging:
slowing of central processing
Pressure at sea level:
760mm Hg
Water vapor pressure in the alveoli remains at 47 mm Hg as long as the body temperature is
normal, regardless of altitude. What is not true:
(Water vapor pressure in the alveoli is high at high altitude.)
What is not true regarding acclimatized natives:
body size: increased
*(body size: decreased;
chest size: increased)
While diving on compressed air, the partial pressure of inhaled O2 increase, which increases depth, while percentage of inhaled O2 remains unchanged:
True
What are the early signs in a pilot when exposed to transient cerebral flow?:
Loss of central vision + Loss of colour perception
Immediate exposure to decreasing PO2 stimulates?:
Peripheral
In acute cerebral edema hypoxia causes vessels in the brain to cause _______________,
causing ______________ blood flow in capillaries causing ________ pressure.
Vasodilation
Increase
Increase Major determinants of risks of decompression sickness:
A. Depth B. Time at depth C. Ascent rate D. Multiple dives E. All of the above
E. All of the above
Boyle’s law:
Pressure is inversely proportional to volume
A scuba diver ascends rapidly from 20ft depth, where she has been for 15 minutes on her only dive of the day: Hazards include.
Neither air embolism nor
decompression sickness
Tissue angiogenesis seen in individuals in high altitude is triggered by hypoxia.
True
What will happen to inspired Pn2 when descending beneath the water? :
As barometric pressure increases, inspired PN2 also increases. An increase PN2 will cause more N2 to dissolve in pulmonary capillary blood.
Type of decompression sickness that presents chokes and staggers:
Type II
Type of decompression sickness with niggles and bends:
Type I
Weightlessness causes cephalad shift.
True
Exposure to microgravity would cause:
- Translocation of bodily fluids
- motion sickness on first five days
- diminished physical activity
- spaceflight causes microgravity
- increase in bone and muscle mass
A climber attempts an assault on high mountain in Mt. Apo and reaches an altitude of 5000km (16,400 ft) below sea level. What will happen to arterial PCO2 and pH?
pH will increase and PCO2 will decrease
If the chest wall were perfectly compliant, a breath holding dive to 20m below the
surface would ____ the pressure and compress the air in the lungs to ____ volume.
Thrice
1/3
All forms of barotrauma except:
Bends
During descent air spaces decrease if the pressure inside the air space is the same as
the pressure outside .
False
A climber ascents to an altitude of 4000m (13,000 ft) which of the physiological
changes listed below will not likely to occur?
Blood pH will fall.
During the next few days in altitude, acclimatization occurs. There are mechanisms to
cause slow increase in ventilation, which is not correct?
Spillage of HCO3 into urine that leads to osmotic diuresis and production of acidic urine (should be alkaline urine)
Two effects of hyperventilation:
- Brings alveolar PO2 to closer ambient PO2
- Blows off CO2 Length of time and depth of dive is inversely proportional
True
This occurs when bubble of gas causes the blockage of blood vessels that supply the
heart, brain and other vital tissues:
Arterial gas embolism
Which of the following is the main problem in aviation physiology?
Low O2 in high altitude
A person in a orbiting satellite or non propelled spacecraft experiences near zero gravity force is called:
Weightlessness and Microgravity
Following an extended dive why should the diver decompress slowly?
Allow enough time for dissolved N2 absorbed in tissues to blood to alveoli
Following an extended dive, why should a diver decompress slowly?
Too rapid
ascent causes n2 in the tissues to leave and form bubbles as barometric
pressure falls
99 ft underwater, you have compressed tank. As compared to the seawater level, the
density and the volume of gas inside is?
Stays the same/unchanged
Chronic O2 poison can cause pulmonary disability. After only about 12 hours at 1
atm can cause the following except:
Pulmonary consolidation
About 4/5 of the air is nitrogen, the following are the effects of nitrogen to bodily
function. Identify which one is not correct.
When the diver remains beneath the sea
for an hour or more, the depth at which the first symptoms of mild narcosis appear
is 200ft. (Symptoms appear at 100ft)
A climber attempts an assault on high mountain in Mt. Apo and reaches an altitude of 5000km (16,400ft) below sea level. What will happen to his arterial PCO2 and pH?
pH will increase and PCO2 will decrease.
At a depth of 66 ft, the air that enters the diver’s lungs is?
3 times as dense
A diver is exposed to which gases?
NITROGEN, OXYGEN, CARBON DIOXIDE
Component of SCUBA which delivers air at ambient pressure to the diver:
Demand valve regulator
Helium is more preferred than nitrogen in diving air mixture for the following reasons,
except:
It has a higher density than nitrogen. (Helium has lower density)
