Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

2ND SEM PHYSIO > Diving Physiology (ppt) - Dr. Miyake > Flashcards

Diving Physiology (ppt) - Dr. Miyake Flashcards

1
Q

Ambient pressure at sea level

A

1 atmosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

For every 10 meters of sea water

A

1 ata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

O m/ O ft

A

1 ata/ bar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

10 m/ 33 ft

A

2 ata/bar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

20 m/ 66 ft

A

3 ata/bar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

30 m/ 99 ft

A

4 ata/bar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

During descent, the volume of a body of air decreases while density ________.

A

Increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Increased external water pressure does not compress body’s fluid and solid components until a depth of _______.

A

1.5 km

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

It compresses each of body’s air compartments that depends on the compliance of the compartment.

A

Increased external water pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Examples of COMPRESSIBLE:

A

Middle ear space
Sinuses
Lungs
Bowel lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

According to __________, P and V vary inversely with each other

A

Boyle’s law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Thus, if the chest wall were perfectly compliant, a breath-holding dive to _____ below the surface would double the pressure and compress the air held in the lungs to half its original volume.

A

10 m

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Volume of gas is ___________ to pressure to which it is subjected, temperature remaining __________.

A

Inversely proportional

Constant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Diver is exposed when breathing air:

A
  1. Nitrogen
  2. Oxygen
  3. Carbon dioxide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

4/5 air

A

Nitrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Almost useless as a result of nitrogen narcosis

A

> 250 ft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Normal range of alveolar PO2 below __________, almost none of total oxygen in blood is accounted for by dissolved oxygen.

A

120 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Has high lipid solubility and dissolves readily in adipocytes and membrane lipids.

A

Nitrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Strength wanes, too clumsy to perform the work required.

A

200-250 ft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When PO2 in blood rises _______, amount of O2 dissolved in water of blood increases markedly.

A

> 100 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Drowsy

A

150-200 ft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

As PN2 _______, N2 equilibrates only slowly with body’s lipid stores because adipose tissue is relatively underperfused.

A

Rises

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

At high pressures can cause degrees of narcosis

A

Nitrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Lose many of his/her cares

A

120 ft

25
Q

Depth at which 1st symptoms of mild nitrogen narcosis is ________.

A

120 ft

26
Q

As O2 pressures rises into thousands of mmHg, large portion of __________ is then dissolved in water of blood.

A

Total O2

27
Q

Prolonged elevation has detrimental effects on nonpulmonary tissues including CNS

A

Acute oxygen poisoning

28
Q

Breathing O2 at 30-40 mmHg will cause BRAIN SEIZURES followed by coma within _________.

A

30-60 minutes

29
Q

Preliminary symptoms of acute oxygen poisoning:

A

NMDDID

Nausea
Muscle twitchings
Dizziness
Disturbance of vision
Irritability
Disorientation
30
Q

Has little capability of oxidizing other chemical compounds.

A

Molecular O2

31
Q

Molecular O2 must 1st be converted into ______ form of O2.

A

Active

32
Q

Forms of active O2 is called ________.

A

Oxygen free radicals

33
Q

When tissue PO2 is normal at the level of _________ small amounts of free radicals are continually being formed from dissolved molecular O2.

A

40 mmHg

34
Q

Enzymes rapidly remove free radicals:

A

Peroxidases
Catalaes
Superoxide dismutases

35
Q

Above critical alveolar PO2 amounts of ____________ literally swamp enzyme systems and have serious destructive and even lethal effects on cells.

A

Oxidizing free radicals

36
Q

After only about 12 hours of 1 atm oxygen exposure develops:

A

Chronic oxygen poisoning

37
Q

Lung passageway congestion, pulmonary edema and atelectasis.

A

Chronic oxygen poisoning

38
Q

Caused by damage to the linings of bronchi and alveoli begin to develop.

A

Chronic oxygen poisoning

39
Q

To prevent, divers must reduce fraction of inspired air that is O2 in compressed gas mixture.

A

Oxygen toxicity

40
Q

A replacement gas

A

Helium

41
Q

Has only a fraction of narcotizing effect of N2.

A

Helium

42
Q

Dissolves in tissues to a lesser extent than N2

A

Helium

43
Q

Has lower density than N2 and this lowers effective airway resistance.

A

Helium

44
Q

During decompression phase of a dive, _______ diffuses out of tissues more rapidly than does N2 and alleviates most of problems associated with decompression.

A

Helium

45
Q

If diving gear is properly designed and functions properly, diver has no problem due to CO2 toxicity because depth alone does not __________ CO2 partial pressure in alveoli.

A

Increase

46
Q

In some types of diving gear ________ can build up in dead space air of apparatus and be rebreathed by diver.

A

CO2

47
Q

Up to PCO2 of _______ (twice that in normal alveoli) diver usually tolerates this buildup by increasing the minute respiratory volume to compensate for increased CO2

A

80 mmHg

48
Q

The total amount of new air moved into the respiratory passages each minute _________ on an average.

A

6 L/min

49
Q

A person will die if minute respiratory volume falls as low as ________ or RR falls below _________.

A

1.5 L/min

2-4 breath/min

50
Q

Also known pulmonary ventilation

A

Minute respiratory volume

51
Q

Beyond ______ PCO2, becomes intolerable and eventually respiratory center begins to be depressed because of negative tissue metabolic effects of high PCO2.

A

80 mmHg

52
Q

Develops severe respiratory acidosis, lethargy, narcosis and even anesthesia.

A

Carbon dioxide toxicity

53
Q

Following extended dive, diver must decompress slowly to avoid ____________.

A

Decompression sickness

54
Q

Serious difficulties also arise if - after a __________ - diver returns to surface too quickly.

A

Deep saturation dive

55
Q

At end of saturation dive, _______ is at same high value in alveoi and most tissues.

A

PN2

56
Q

As ______ falls during ascent, alveolar PN2 will fall as well, creating a PN2 gradient from mixed venous blood to alveolar air.

A

PB - Barometric pressure

57
Q

Washout of N2 from blood creates a PN2 gradient from ______ to _______.

A

tissues to blood

58
Q

To allow enough tome for dissolved N2 to move from tissues to blood to alveoli, a diver must rise to surface slowly (no faster than _________).

A

3 m/hr

2ND SEM PHYSIO (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions