GIT ORGANIZATION POST TESTS by Dr. Castro

Question 1

GALT contribute to the immune function of GI tract. What is GALT?

Answer 1

Ans: Gut-associated lymphoid tissue

Question 2

2 layers of smooth muscle

Answer 2

Ans: inner layer- circular; outer- longitudinal

Question 3

3 Enzymes required for digestion:

Answer 3

Ans:
carbohydrate- amylase
lipids- lipase
proteins- proteases

Question 4

Location of sphincters:

Answer 4

Ans: upper esophageal sphincter, lower esophageal sphincter, pyloric sphincter, ileocecal sphincter

Question 5

What is the primary neural mechanism?

Answer 5

ENS

Question 6

Where can you see Meissner’s plexus?

Answer 6

Papillary layer

Question 7

Where is Auerbach’s plexus?

Answer 7

Myenteric plexus

Question 8

Primary site for absorption of nutrient

Answer 8

Small intestine

Question 9

Reabsorption of fluid and electrolyte

Answer 9

Large intestine

Question 10

GIT motility is unilateral smooth muscle except :

Answer 10

Ans: upper 3rd of esophagus, upper esophageal sphincter, external anal sphincter

Question 11

Problem with Hirschsprung’s disease

Answer 11

Ans: aganglionic part in large intestine

Question 12

Problem with achalasia:

Answer 12

Ans: failure of relaxation of LES

Question 13

Size of food that can pass through pylorus

Answer 13

Ans: 2mm

Question 14

Digestion in the brush border enzyme

Answer 14

Ans: membrane digestion

Question 15

Fluid load present in small intestine

Answer 15

Ans: 8-9L/day

Question 16

Ingestion of food initiates responses from endocrine, neural and paracrine. Differentiate the 3

Answer 16

Ans:

*Endocrine- release of transmitter *Neural- activation of nerves and neurotransmitters *Paracrine- sensor cell release transmitter affecting adjacent cells without entering blood or activating neurons

Question 17

Swallowing center is controlled by what nerve?

Answer 17

Ans: CN V, IX, X, XII- trigeminal, glossopharyngeal, vagus, hypoglossal