Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MRCOG part 1 > Recalls 7 > Flashcards

Recalls 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the vitelline duct connect

A

The midgut to the yolk sac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where does the liver and biliary system arise from?

What does the ventral mesentary become?
What does the dorsal mesentary become?
Waht does the hepatic diverticulum become?
What is the allantois?

A

The endoderm

The ventral mesentary - becomes the lesser omentum. The liver develops WITHIN this.

The dorsal mesentary - becomes the greater omentum. The pancreas and spleen develop WITHIN this.

The hepatic diverticulum from the foregut - liver and biliary system

The allantois - drains urine. Becomes the urachus. It is a combo of mesoderm and endoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the choroid plexus?

what is is made from

A

It produces CSF.

It is made from the pia mater and ependyma?

FROM THE NEURAL TUBE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe the emrbyoligcal development of the liver and the bile duct

A

Originates from the distal foregut

Forms the hepatic bud/hepatic divierticulum.

The hepatic bud divides into two portions:
- Pars hepatica (develops into the liver)
- Pars cystica (develops into the gallbladder)

This invainates in to the septum trsnsversum and forms left and right branches of the liver. The septum transversum is from the lateral plate mesoderm.

The stalk connecting the foregut to the hepatic bud forms the common bile duct.

The ligaments of the liver are therefore from the septum transversum from the lateral plate mesoderm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the emrbyological origin of the bladder

A

The hindgut of the endoderm forms the end portion - the cloaca.

The cloaca separates into the Urogenital sinus and the rectum.

The urogenital sinus becomes the bladder and also the bottom 2/3 of the vagina.

The ureteric bud forms from the metanephros which is from the lateral plate mesoderm. The ureteric bud becomes the kidney. This is connected with the ureteric stalk which becomes the ureter.

The urogenital sinus is connected to outside the fetus via the allantois. This gets rid of waste products. Urine is produced as early as 12 weeks. The allatoin is therefore made of endoderm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What other cancer can BRCA cause

A

pancreatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What would you see on FBC of addisons

A

eiosinophilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where do the enzymes for glycolysis come from

A

Depends on how question is worded but I think cytosol rather than mitochrondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type of organism is chalydia

A

Obligate intracellular organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How many women with GDM will have T2DM immediately after

A

5% or less but ultimately lifetime risk is 50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the treatment of listeria

A

Ampicillin. Better than amoxicillin.

Either cna be used.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the trsnamission rate of primary and secondary herpes with pregnancy at birth

A

40% with primary

1% withsecondary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How many TRH molecules from precursor

A

6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Blood supply to bartholins glands

A

External pudendal artery which is a branch of the femoral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What post void volume is generally considered as acceptablr in a 65 year old

A

100ml or less.

100ml would be ABNORMAL in younger patients. less than 50 is normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What si teh mechanism of action of nevirapine

A

Non-nucleoside reverse tanscriptase inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How many cells in the anterior pituitary are lactotrophs?

How many are somatotrophs?

A

20% are lactotrophs –> prolactin

50% are somatotrophs –> GH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When does HPL plateau

A

34 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What events happen antenatally and postnatally to allow for good breast feeding

A

Antenatal - stromal hyperplasia

Postnatal - ductal dilatation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How much does cardiac output increase in second stage labour

A

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where is factor 8 produced

A

Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Timing of acute vs subacute inflammation?

A

7 days

7 days to 4 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is lifetime risk of T2DM following GDM

A

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Contrast the rashes of pregnancy

A

Pemphigoid of pregnancy
- 1st or second gestation
- Belly button and palms and soles
- Blisters

PUPPs
- around 35 weeks
- abdominal
- No blisters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What structures fuse to obliterate the endometrial cavity

A

The decidua capsularis (endometrium lining the embryo) and the decidua parietalis

26
Q

Which cells in the corpus luteum are responsible for becoming haemorrhagic following ovulation

A

I think the answer here is the granulosa layer.

It might be the theca interna/externa

27
Q

Which dermatomes must you block to abolish uterine pain

A

T10-L1

28
Q

Obstetric cholestasis.

How is it diagnosed?

How do you counsel women?

What level can the baby get affected by bile salts

When do we consider birth?

A

Bile acids >19 and itch no rash

Baby can be affected >40 - trandfer to ANC

Risk of stillbirth only increases with bile acids >100

Consider birth:
- Mild 19-39 - IOL at 40 weeks
- Moderate 40-99 - IOL 38-39 weeks
- Severe >100 - IOL at 35-36 weeks

USS and CTG do not prevent stillbirth in OC

29
Q

What percentage of lymphocytes are B and T

A

B 10-20%
T 70-80%

30
Q

How are each complement pathway activated

A

Classic - antigen-antibody complex

Leptin - MBL

Alternative - C3 hydrolysis

31
Q

Robertsonian transloation chromosomes

A

13,14,15,21,22

32
Q

How does a spinal cause maternal hypotension

A

Blocks pre-ganglionic autonomic nervous system

33
Q

What is the treatment for syphilis

A

Pencillin G AKA benzylpenicillin

34
Q

What is the common nerve to be injuryed with external iliac lymphadenectomy

A

Obturator

35
Q

What are felshie clips made from

A

Titanium and silicone

36
Q

What gets blocked to cause hydrocephalus

A

Cerebral aqueduct aka foramen of sylvius

37
Q

On what day deos implantation occur

A

Day 8-9

38
Q

Who gets prophylactic abx with long term catheter

A

no one

39
Q

Incidence of shoulder dystocia

Incidence of brachial plexus injury with shoulder dystocia

A

0.7%

2-16%

40
Q

Lymphatic drainage of large bowel

A

Ascending and transverse - SM lymph nodes

Decending and sigmoid - IM nodes

41
Q

What is dinoprostone

A

A naturally occurring Prostaglandin E2

42
Q

How strong is the wound at 3 weeks and 12 weeks

A

3 weeks - 20%

12 weeks - 80%

43
Q

Property of tissue that means reflection ability

A

Echogenicity

44
Q

Where is VEG-F producted

A

Corpus luteum
Macrophages
Tumour cells
Endothelial cells

Promotes angiogenesis

45
Q

How does the baby’s kidney change following birth

A

decreases 2 fold

46
Q

When do HCG levels peak in pregnancy

A

8-10 weeks

The placenta takes over progesterone production around the 7-9th week of pregnancy, so HCG not needed to maintain corpus luteum so much anymore

47
Q

How does the HIV drug retelgavir work

A

HIV-1 Antiviral agent

48
Q

What is the risk of congenital CMV with infection in the:

1st
2nd
3rd trimester

A

1st trimester - 20%
2nd trimester - 9%
3rd trimester - 70%

49
Q

What is the relationship of the renal vein, artery and ureter when exiting the hilum of the kidney

A

ANTERIOR to POSTERIOR

Vein
Artery
Ureter

I VAU to remember this

50
Q

When do you offer immediate treatment with insulin in GDM

What are the Targets for blood sugars?

A

If fasting >7. If <7 can reassure and give diet and exercise advice with re-check in 1-2 weeks. If at this point targets not met –> metformin

If still not met –>insulin

Targets:
- 5.3 fasting
- 6.4 2 hours after meals

51
Q

Appearance of pseudomonas on mcconkey plate

A

Lactose non-fementer so appears clear

52
Q

G6PH action

A

NADPH in RBCs

53
Q

From high to low in blood

IgG
IgE
IgM
IgD
IgA

A

GAMDE

Ghandi has lots

54
Q

Where is VEGF produced

A

platelets
Macrohages
Eye cells

55
Q

What is the most common non epithelial tumour of the ovary

A

Germ cell tumours
Sex cord stromal cell tumours

56
Q

What does vincristine bind to

A

Microtubules

57
Q

How often to check blood pressure when starting patient on COCP

A

every year

58
Q

Affects of valproate - how many babies affected?

How about in general with antiepileptics

How about in background population

A

1:10

Everything else is a bit less than this

In general with antiepileptics 6-8%

Backround without antiempileptics 4%

59
Q

What are the teratogenic effects of warfarin

A

hypoplastic nose
Stippled epiphyses
Skeletal abnormalities
Celft palate

60
Q

What does the septum transversum do

A

Becomes the diaphragm, pericardium and separares the liver

It is from the lateral plate mesoderm

MRCOG part 1 (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions