Recalls 4 Flashcards
What is the nerve supply to the ovary
T10
Which stage of oocyte development does the zona pellucida appear around the ovum
Primary follicle
What type of vaccine is HPV
recombinant/subunit vaccine
what is the most common SE of misoprostol
diarrhoea
Where is the allantois derived from
Endodermal epithelium
What is is the animal source of vitamin A?
Plant source?
Retinol
Plant - carotene
What does kallman’s syndrome involve
Loss of smell and azoospermia
Which amino acid instead of uracil
thymine
Which fetal organ dysfunction due to use of ACE
Kidney
What is the first sensation developed in the fetus
Touch
How does dabigatran work
Thrombin inhibitor
Where does warfarin act in the clotting cascade
On factors dependant on vitamin K
10,9,7,2
Which surface of the sacrum does piriformis attach to
The PELVIC surface
Not the lumbar
What are the phases of drug testing
1- safety
2-efficacy
3-long term benefit/compare with other drugs
FDA approved
4- available to buy
Describe a cross section of the umbilical cord
What is considered high risk for DS in combined screening
> 1:150
What are the high risk HPVs
HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, and 59
Which group of viruses cause molluscum contagiosum
Pox viruses
how does ASA differ from ibuprofen and celecoxib
ASA - IRREVERSIBLE inhibition of COX1
Ibuprofen - REVERSIBLE inhibition of COX 1
They also both inhibit cox 2 - both reversible
Celecoxib is a selective cox 1 inhibitor
Episode of PMB with ET <4mm
Reassure, come back if further episodes
What is the aim for HCG rise to say if something is suspicious for an ectopic
> 66% rise.
What is the lymphatic drainage for the sigmoid?
Does it have a mesentary?
Yes it does hage a mesentary
inferior mesenteric lymph nodes, para-aortic and iliac
What is the half life of mifepristone
25-30 hours
Half life of lidocaine
2 hours
Half life ergometrine
120 minutes
How does finasteride work
5 alpha reductase inhibitor - prevents conversion of testosterone to DHT
What is the final enzye involved in the oxidation of uric acid
Xanthine oxidase
Where do most of the enzymes involved i the Kreb’s cycle live
mitochondria
What is rate of uterine rupture during IUCD insertion
1:500
What does a positive Hep B antigen mean
you HAVE the disease.
If you have Anti-Hbc it means chronic
You dont get AntiHbs until you have recovered
What type of endometrioum has large and tortuous glands
secretor endometrium
When is hairloss aka Telogen Effluvium most pronounced
after delivery
Which stage of the mentrual cycle are natural killer cells highest?
Describe the ovarian and endometrial phases of the menstrual cycle
Highest at the end of the secretory phase
Which structure in females is homologous to the prostate
What about the Cowper glands
Prostate = Skenes gland
Cowper = bartholins
What is the rate limiting step in catecholamine syntesis
Tyrosine hydroxylase
Where are most of the nerves location for a TAP block
Between internal oblique and transverse abdominis
What type of structure are TSH/LH/FSH/HCG
Glycoprotein
What type of structure are oxytocin/ADH
Nonapeptide
LABEL THE DIAGRAM OF AN ULTRASOUND WAVE
Amplitude is up and down
Wavelength is peak to peak
What are the 3 interactions with an ultrasound wave
Scattering
Absorption
Reflection
Which ovarian cancer is associated with MMR (this is the cause of Lynch syndrome/HPNCC)
Endometroid cancer
What can the choroid plexus impinge on
The arachnoid and pia mater
When does adult haemoglobin start to get synthesised
??? Ask Rach
Where is prolactin produced not under control of dopamine
maternal decidua
What is meig’s syndrome?
What will you see on pathology?
Ovarian fibrome (benign) + ascites + pleural effusion
Pathology = spindles
What is the commonest cause of sepsis in pregnancy
E.coli
then strep A
Which organisms to type 2 pneumocytes utilize for surfactant release
lamellar bodies
Most important complement in opsonisation
C3b
What are clue cells
EPITHELIAL CELLS
What is the pudendal cleft
Area between two labia majora
Vestibule is the area between the two minora
Complete molar pregnancy + bilateral ovarian cysts with high HCG
What are the cysts?
Theca lutein cysts
What are theca lutein cysts?
They are a type of functional ovarian cyst resulting from overstimulation.
Can happen in OHSS
GTD - from high HCG
What is the most common side effect from PoP
erratic bleeding
What type of drug is carboprost
Prostaglandin F2a
What type of drug is misoprostol
Prostaglandin E1
Dinoprostone is E2
Which layer of the endometrium is destroyed in ablation
Basal layer up to 5mm
What does the new non invasive orenatal diagnostic test using free fetal DNA from?
placental cells
What is the correct route for the round ligament
gubernaculum –> anterior surface of uterus cornea –> labia majora
What is the commonest site of vulval SSC
labia majora
What type of laser is neodymium YAG laser
Solid
Which type of cells are phagocytic for the residual bodies left over from spermatogensis
Sertoli cells
What type of ells produce:
PTH
Calcitonin
T3/4
PTH - chief cells
Calcitonin - C cells
T3/4 - Follicular cells
Which chromosomes are capable of robertsonian translocations
13/14/15/21/22
What is trichomonas vaginalis
Flagelated protozoan
Do all CS get LMWH
Not electives! If they have no other RFs do not need
How does protein C deficiency lead to thrombosis
Affects factor V and 8a
Where does pain get referred to for:
Renal calculi
Ureteric calculi
Renal - lumbar
Ureteric - groin
What is the unit of Ca125
iu/ml
What is the embryological origin of oocytes
primordial germ cell
How many hormone producing cells are lactotrophs
10-15%
They made up 20-50% in the AP
Where is the anitomical location of direct vs indirect hernias
Direct = medial to inferior epigastric arteries
Indirect = lateral to inferior epigastric arteries
What are the trophoblast cells that invade the lumen of the spiral arteries
endovascular trophoblasts
