Recalls 3 Flashcards
What are the grading of evidence as per RCOG
A - RCTs, systematic reviews/meta-analyses of RCTs
B - non randomised but well conducted trials
C - case reports
D - expert opinion
What is the appendicular artery a branch of
Ileocolic
What is teh precursor for serotonin
Tryotophan
What is the precursor for dopamine
Tyrosine
Define:
Very common
Common
Uncommon
Rare
Very rare
1-1/10
1/10-1/100
1/100-1/1000
1/1000-1/10000
<1/10000
What type of molecule are histones
protein
Endometrial gland tumour with cartilage
Carcinosarcoma
What type of drug is mirabegron
Beta 3 adrenergic receptor agonsit
What type of drug is terbutaline
B2 agonist
What is a side effect of terbutaline?
MAternal tachy
Fetla tachy
Maternal brady
Fetal brady
Maternal tachy because it is a B2 AGONIST. Think opposite of BB
Which inflammatory cells are triggered by silicone implant spillage
Giant cells
What is the most common malignant tumour in term or preterm inflants
TERM - neuroblastoma
Pre-term = sacrocyccygeal teratoma (SCT)
What does exposure to Diethylstilbestrol (DES) lead to
It is an oestrogen that used to be used to try and prevent miscarriage.
Leads to clear cell cancer of vagina
Where is the active form of vitamin D produced
Explained Vit D metabolism
Where is it from
Where is it activated
Vit D2 - food
Vit D3 - skin
Changed in liver by 25-hydroxylase
Activated in kidney
Which of the cytotoxic drugs causes haemorrhagic cystitis
cyclophosphamide
Describe chemo man
What type of drug is clomifene
a SERM
Which drug causes PND when used postnatally
methyldopa
What is the lansfield grouping for streptococci
It groups strep into A,B,C etc based on the antigens made of carbohydrates o their cell wall
What is the commonest cause of delay in puberty in males
constitutional delay
What type of drug is ulipristal
SPRM
slsective progesterone receptor modulator
what is the termination point of the round ligament
The labia majora
What does the ductus venosus form
Ligamentum venosum
What does the umbilical vein form
ligamentum teres
What is the most common organism to colonise the copper iud
actinomyces
Which bacteria is depleted in BV
lactobactilus
Which is the most common organism causing fetal anaemia?
What else does it cause?
What is percentage fetal loss?
parvovirus B19
What is BMI formula
weight/square root of heing in M
Does sheehan syndrome affect anterior or posterior pituitary
Anterior
How is lactate converted to glucose
lactic acid cycle aka cori’s cycle
how to work out abgars
The things that give you a point of 1 are:
- blue extremities
- grimace rather than a cry
- Flexion rather than being active
- HR <100
- Resps are gasping and irregular
What is the treatment for a MRSA wound infection
Vancomycin
Describe the route of estrone creation and estradiol creation
What is the most likely electrolyte disturbance from Bendroflumethiazide
hypokalaemia
In the developing testis, which cells produce the mullerian inhibiting substance aka AMH
Sertoli cells
Which enzyme in red blood cells buffers CO2
Carbonic anhydrase
What is definition of maternal mortality and therefore how to figure it out
number of deaths/per births
x 100,000 as it is per 100,000
What type iof receptor is the progesteron receptor
a nuclear transciption factor receptor.
Oestrogen is the same
What causes kernicterus
bilirubin too high
Sulphonamides e.g. sulfasalazine
How does insulin get activated
Removing C peptide
C peptide and insulin get sereted 1:1
What is the function of mRNA
carrys info from DNA to ribosomes for protein making
TRANSLATION
It is made by TRANSCRIPTION
Which tissues are particularly sensitive to radiation and visa versa
Anything with rapidly dividing cells is sensitive e.g. bone marrow
Resistent things:
- cerebral neurons
- muscle
Which electrolyte disturbances associated with SCLC
SIADH - hyponatraemia
ALSO hypercalcaemia because of PTH
Which type of endometrium does simple hyperplasia most similar to
proliferative
Which MHC class is ONLY expressed in placenta
HLA-G
Remeber, C,E,G are all expressed
A and B are NOT
When is the majority of growth hormone secreted
Early sleep
Which aprt of the embryo is the origin of the primordial germ cells
The Yolk sac endothelium
Where is the greater omentum derived form
The dorsal mesogastrium
The lesser omentum comes from the ventral mesentary
Which electrolyte disturbance do you get with paralytic ileus
hypokalaemia
Where are schiller-duval bodies found
Endodermal sinus tumours
Where are signet cells found
krunkenburg tumours
Where are walthard cell nests found
brenner tumour
How many carbon atoms in:
oestrogen
THESE 3 ARE PAC-ED:
progesterone
aldosterone
cortisol
androgen
18
21
21
21
19
What is the max score in PUQE
15
what are the second line drugs in hyperemesis
DOM
Domperidone
ondansetron
metoclopramide
Where does the carbon base attach on ribose?
Where does phosphate attach?
Nitrogenous base attaches to 1
Phosphate base attaches to 5
How many people in the UK are Rh-
15%
In the horshoe kidney, what structure prevents ascent from pelvis to abdomen
The IMA
angle of vagina vs horizontal whislt standing
60 degs
Also like the pelvis!
which joint resists horizontal rotaiton of the pelvis
The sacroiliac joint
2 most common causes of dermatitis in preg
Atopic dermatitis and PUPP
OC less common!
Most common protozoan causing a zoonotic infection
Toxoplasmosis
What teratogenic affect does paroxetine have
Congeital cardiac problems
What does vitamin E toxicity do
HAEMORRHAGE
What is teh male equivalent of the round ligament
The spermatic cord
They are both from the gubernaculum
How do you monitor LMWH activity
Anti-Xa activity
Timings of congenital conjuctivitis with chlamydia and gonnorrhoea
Chamydia - >5 days
Gonnorhoea <5 days
How long does NAAT take for chamydia/gonorrhoea
C = 3 weeks
G = 2 weeks
What type of signalling molecule is prostaglandin
Paracrine - acts locally outside cells
Cuarterization of large area of tissue with appearance of smoke is called
Fulguration
What is the success rate of COCP to rpevent pregnancy in typical use and perfect use
Typical - 9%
Perfect - 0.3%
How is isoniazid metabolised in the liver
with acetylation
Are the fibres of the internal anal sphincter circular or longitudinal
circular
What is the increased cardiac output post delivery as compared to before pregnancy
60-80%
What is the risk of ectopic in someone with IUD
1/50
What is the rate of miscarriage in couples with baalnced transloacation
25-50%
What is the precursor for nitric oxide
L arginine
How are amino acids transferred from maternal to fetal circulation?
What about glucose?
Amino acids - Active transport
Glucose - facilitated diffusion
Which clotting factors remain unchanged in pregnancy
2,5,9
Calcitonin is secreted by which gland
thyroid - parafollicular cells/chief cells
Beta haemolytic strep treatment on vaginal swab
Do you give thromboprophylaxis to people with OHSS
Until first trimester ends
Why is remifentanyl good in labour
Rapidly metabolised by tissue estrases
How to emasure the diagonal conjugate diameter of the pelvis
Lower bit of PS to tip of coccys
