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AP Psychology > Reading Quiz Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Reading Quiz Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

prospagnosia

A

face blindness

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2
Q

facial recognition occurs in the

A

right hemisphere

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3
Q

bottom-up processing

A

begins with sensory receptors and works up to the brain’s integration of sensory information

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4
Q

top-up processing

A

information processed by higher level thinking, when we construct perceptions on our experiences & expectations

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5
Q

selective attention

A

focus of conscious awareness on a particular stimuli

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6
Q

perception

A

organizing, and interpreting sensory information

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7
Q

perception allows us to

A

recognize meaningful objects and events

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8
Q

sensation

A

sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment

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9
Q

intentional blindness

A

failing it see visible objects when attention is directed elsewhere

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10
Q

change blindness

A

failing to notice changes in the environment

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11
Q

change deafness

A

unaware of change in speaker

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12
Q

pop-out phenomenon

A

stimuli that draw are attention, often are distinctly different from the rest

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13
Q

psychophysics

A

relationship between physical characteristics including intensity and our psychological experience of them

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14
Q

absolute threshold

A

minimum stimulation needed to detect a stimulus 50% of the time

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15
Q

signal detection theory

A

how and when we detect a faint stimulus amid background noise

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16
Q

signal detection theory depends on an individuals

A

experience, expectations, motivation and alertness

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17
Q

signal detection theory assumes

A

there is no single absolute threshold

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18
Q

subliminal

A

below ones absolute threshold for conscious awareness

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19
Q

priming

A

unconscious activation of certain association areas

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20
Q

websters law

A

the principle that to be perceived different two stimuli must differ by a constant percentage

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21
Q

difference threshold

A

minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50 percent of the time

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22
Q

sensory adaptation

A

diminished sensitivity because of a constant stimulation

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23
Q

transduction

A

conversion of one form of energy into another

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24
Q

transduction in sensation

A

transforming stimulus energies: sights, sounds, smells into neural impulses our brain can interpret

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25
wavelength
distance from peak of light or sound wave to the peak of the next
26
hue
dimension of color that is determined by the wavelength of light
27
intensity
amount of energy in light or sound wave which we perceive as brightness or loudness
28
great amplitude
bright colors
29
small amplitude
dull colors
30
short wavelength
high frequency- blue colors
31
long wavelenght
short frequency- red colors
32
pupil
adjustable opening, where light enters
33
iris
colored portion of eye and controls size of pupil opening
34
lens
changes shape to focus images on retina
35
accommodation
eye lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina
36
rods
retinal receptors detecting black, white, gray necessary for peripheral and twilight vision (when cones don't respond)
37
cones
retinal receptors function in daylight and well lit conditions- detect fine detail and color sensations
38
optic nerve
carries neural impulses from eye to brain
39
blind spot
no receptor cells
40
fovea
central focal point in retina surrounding cone cluster
41
feature detectors
respond to specific features of stimulus: shape, angle or movement
42
parallel processing
processing of may aspects of a problem simultaneously
43
Young Helmholts trichromatic theory
(Three color theory) that retina contains three different color receptors, one most sensitive to red, one to green one to blue- which when stimulated produce the perception of any color
44
opponent-process theory
opposing retinal processes enable color vision
45
audition
the sense or act of hearing
46
frequency
the number of complete wavelengths (per second)
47
pitch
tone's experienced highness or lowness; depends on frequency
48
cochela
fluid filled tube inner ear where sound waves trigger neural impulses
49
inner ear
the innermost part of ear
50
place theory
links pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea's membrane is stimulated
51
frequency theory
nerve impulses traveling up auditory nerve matches frequency of a tone, enabling us to sense its pitch
52
conduction hearing loss
hearing loss due to damage to the mechanical system conducting sound waves to cochlea
53
sensorineural hearing loss
hearing loss caused by damage to cochleas receptors cells or to auditory nerves
54
cochlear implant
device converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea
55
conduction hearing loss
hearing loss due to damage to the mechanical system conducting sound waves to cochlea
56
sensorineural hearing loss
hearing loss caused by damage to cochleas receptors cells or to auditory nerves
57
cochlear implant
device converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea
58
gate-control theory
that the spinal cord contains a neurological gate blocking pain signals or allows them to pass on to the briain
59
vestibular sense
monitors body's and head position and movement
60
nocieptors
sensory receptors that detect hurtful temperatures, pressure or chemicals
61
figure-ground
organization of the visual field into objects that stand out from their surrondings
62
sensory interaction
that one sense may influence another as when the smell of food influences its taste
63
gestalt
organized whole, emphasized tendency to integrate pieces of info into meaningful wholes
64
figure-ground
organization of the visual field into objects that stand out from their surrondings
65
depth perception
ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike retina are two dimensional allow us to judge distance
66
binocular cues
depth cues, retinal disparity that depend on the use of two eyes
67
perceptual constancy
perceiving objects as unchanging (consistent shapes,sizes,lightness and color) even as illumination and retinal images change
68
monocular cues
depth cues, such as interposition and linear perspective, available to either eye alone
69
phi phenomenon
illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession
70
perceptual set
mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another
71
color constancy
perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths reflected by the object
72
perceptual adaptation
ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field
73
perceptual set
mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another
74
biological influences
sensory analysis, unlearned visual phenomena, critical period for sensory development
75
psychological influence
selective attention, learned schemas, Gestalt principles, context effects, perceptual set
76
soical-cultural influences
cultural assumptions and expectations
77
paranormal phenomena (PSI)
telepathy, clairvoyance, precognition
78
precognition
predicting the future
79
clairvoyance
perceiving remote events (friend's house is on fire)
80
telepathy
mind to mind communication
81
parapsychology
study of paranormal phenomena
82
extrasensory perception
controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input: includes telepathy, clairvoyance and precognition

AP Psychology (13 decks)

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