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AP Psychology > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

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1
Q

“to study the abnormal is the best way of understanding the normal”

A

william James

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2
Q

psychological disorder

A

deviant, distressful and dysfunctional patters of thought, feelings or behaviors.

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3
Q

deviant

A

different

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4
Q

attention-deficit hyperactivity

A

also know as ADHD

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5
Q

attention-deficit hyperactivity is diagnosed by

A

a psychological disorder marked by appearance by age 7

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6
Q

ADHD Symptoms

A
  • extreme inattention
  • hyperactivity
  • impulsivity
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7
Q

Phillipe Pinel believed madness to be

A

a sickness of the mind caused by severe stress and inhumane conditions

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8
Q

medical model

A

concept of psychological disorders being diagnosed, treated in cured through a hospital

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9
Q

susto is a fear in

A

Latin America

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10
Q

Susto is a condition

A

marked by severe anxiety, restlessness, and black magic

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11
Q

biological influences of psychological disorder

A

evolution
individual genes
brain structure/chemistry

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12
Q

psychological influences

A

stress
trauma
learned helplessness
mood-related perceptions/memories

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13
Q

social-cultural influences

A

roles
expectations
definitions of normality/disorder

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14
Q

amok (Malysia)

A

sudden outburst of violent behavior

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15
Q

DSM-IV-TR stands for

A

American Psychiatric Associations Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

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16
Q

DSM-IV-TR

A

a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders

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17
Q

anxiety disorders

A

psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety.

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18
Q

generalized anxiety disorder

A

anxiety disorder- individual is continually tense, apprehensive and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal

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19
Q

panic disorder

A

an anxiety disorder- marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking or other frightening sensations

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20
Q

phobias

A

a person feels irrationally and intensely afraid of a specific object/situation/activity

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21
Q

obsessive-compulsive disorder

A

a person is troubled by repetitive thoughts or actions

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22
Q

post-traumatic stress disorder

A

a person has lingering memories, nightmares and other symptoms for weeks after a severely threatening, uncontrollable event

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23
Q

“free-floating”- Sigmund Freud

A

inability to identify disorder

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24
Q

social fear

A

intense dear of being scrutinized, avoid potentially embarrassing social sittuations

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25
Q

agoraphobia

A

fear or avoidance of situations in which escape might be difficult or help unavailable when panic strikes

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26
Q

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an

A

anxiety disorder

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27
Q

PTSD is characterized by

A

haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety and insomnia

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28
Q

PTSD lingers for a

A

month or more after traumatic experience

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29
Q

post-traumatic growth

A

positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances/life crises

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30
Q

reinforcement

A

helps maintain our phobias/compulsions sfter they arise

31
Q

stimulus generalization ex:

A

if you were attacked by a dog, you may develop a fear of ALL dogs

32
Q

anxiety gene affects

A

brain levels of serotonin

33
Q

serotonin

A

influences sleep and mood- regulating glutamate

34
Q

too much glutamate

A

the brains alarm center becomes overactive

35
Q

post traumatic stress also called

A

benefit finding

36
Q

somatoform disorder is a

A

psychological disorder

37
Q

somatoform disorder causes

A

the symptoms to take a bodily form without a physical cause

38
Q

conversion disorder

A

a person experiences specific physical symptoms without a physiological basis

39
Q

hypochondriasis

A

person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of disease

40
Q

dissociative disorders

A

conscious awareness is separated resulting in a change of memory/identity

41
Q

dissociate

A

become separated

42
Q

dissociative identity disorder is a

A

rare dissociative disorder

43
Q

DID was previously known as the

A

multiple personality disorder

44
Q

DID is when a

A

person exhibits two or more distinct alternating personalitites

45
Q

the psychoanlaystic explanation of DID symptoms

A

is that they are defenses against anxiety generated by unacceptable urges

46
Q

the learning perspective of DID symptoms

A

explains these symptoms as being reinforced by relieving past anxiety

47
Q

other did explanations

A

detachment resulting from horrific experience

48
Q

mood disorders are

A

psychological disorders

49
Q

mood disorders are characterized by

A

emotional extremes

50
Q

major depressive disorder

A

prolonged hopelessness/lethargy

51
Q

bipolar disorder

A

person alternates between depression and overexcited/hyperactive state

52
Q

bipolar disorder was previously called

A

manic-depressive disorder

53
Q

major depressive disorder is a

A

mood disorder

54
Q

major depressive disorder results in

A

two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods:feelings of worthlessness,diminished interest in activities without presence of drug use or medical conditions

55
Q

depressed thinking cycle

A

stressful experiences
negative explanatory style
depressed mood
cognitive/behavioral changes

56
Q

schizophrenia

A

group of severe disorders characterized by delusional/disorganized thinking, disturbed perceptions and inappropriate emotions/actions

57
Q

delusions

A

false beliefs

58
Q

delusions often accompany

A

psychotic disorders

59
Q

catatonia

A

remain motionless for hours and become agitated

60
Q

positive symptoms

A

hallucinations
disorganized/delusional speech
inappropriate behaviors

61
Q

negative symptom

A

tone less voices
expressionless faces
mute/rigid bodies

62
Q

personality disorders are

A

psychological disorders

63
Q

personality disorders are characterized by

A

inflexible/enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning

64
Q

antisocial personality disorder is most common among

A

men

65
Q

anitsocial personality disorder

A

in which the person lacks conscience of wrong doing, even towards friends/family, may be agressive/ruthless or clever con artist.

66
Q

warning signs of schizophrenia

A
  • mother with severe/long-lasting schizophrenia
  • Weight/oxygen birth complications
  • short attention span
  • poor muscle coordination
  • disruptive/withdrawn behavior
  • emotional unpredictability
  • poor peer relations/solo play
67
Q

Afterimage effect

A

A type of optical illusion in which an image continues to appear briefly even after exposure even after exposure to the images has ended.

68
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

Eating disorder in which a person diets significantly

69
Q

availability heuristic

A

estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory

70
Q

misinformation effect

A

Incorporating misleading information into ones memory of an event.

71
Q

lack of object permanence

A

Lacking ability to understand that things continue to exist even when you don’t see them.

72
Q

non-random assignment of research participants

A

Group is designed because of their desired specific trait.

73
Q

optimistic explanatory style

A

They believe positive events to be a result of themselves and positive things occur in the future they see negative events as not their fault

74
Q

proactive interference

A

the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new informational- what you learn from the past effects what you learn now

AP Psychology (13 decks)

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