Chapter 12 Flashcards
“to study the abnormal is the best way of understanding the normal”
william James
psychological disorder
deviant, distressful and dysfunctional patters of thought, feelings or behaviors.
deviant
different
attention-deficit hyperactivity
also know as ADHD
attention-deficit hyperactivity is diagnosed by
a psychological disorder marked by appearance by age 7
ADHD Symptoms
- extreme inattention
- hyperactivity
- impulsivity
Phillipe Pinel believed madness to be
a sickness of the mind caused by severe stress and inhumane conditions
medical model
concept of psychological disorders being diagnosed, treated in cured through a hospital
susto is a fear in
Latin America
Susto is a condition
marked by severe anxiety, restlessness, and black magic
biological influences of psychological disorder
evolution
individual genes
brain structure/chemistry
psychological influences
stress
trauma
learned helplessness
mood-related perceptions/memories
social-cultural influences
roles
expectations
definitions of normality/disorder
amok (Malysia)
sudden outburst of violent behavior
DSM-IV-TR stands for
American Psychiatric Associations Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
DSM-IV-TR
a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders
anxiety disorders
psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety.
generalized anxiety disorder
anxiety disorder- individual is continually tense, apprehensive and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal
panic disorder
an anxiety disorder- marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking or other frightening sensations
phobias
a person feels irrationally and intensely afraid of a specific object/situation/activity
obsessive-compulsive disorder
a person is troubled by repetitive thoughts or actions
post-traumatic stress disorder
a person has lingering memories, nightmares and other symptoms for weeks after a severely threatening, uncontrollable event
“free-floating”- Sigmund Freud
inability to identify disorder
social fear
intense dear of being scrutinized, avoid potentially embarrassing social sittuations
agoraphobia
fear or avoidance of situations in which escape might be difficult or help unavailable when panic strikes
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an
anxiety disorder
PTSD is characterized by
haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety and insomnia
PTSD lingers for a
month or more after traumatic experience
post-traumatic growth
positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances/life crises
reinforcement
helps maintain our phobias/compulsions sfter they arise
stimulus generalization ex:
if you were attacked by a dog, you may develop a fear of ALL dogs
anxiety gene affects
brain levels of serotonin
serotonin
influences sleep and mood- regulating glutamate
too much glutamate
the brains alarm center becomes overactive
post traumatic stress also called
benefit finding
somatoform disorder is a
psychological disorder
somatoform disorder causes
the symptoms to take a bodily form without a physical cause
conversion disorder
a person experiences specific physical symptoms without a physiological basis
hypochondriasis
person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of disease
dissociative disorders
conscious awareness is separated resulting in a change of memory/identity
dissociate
become separated
dissociative identity disorder is a
rare dissociative disorder
DID was previously known as the
multiple personality disorder
DID is when a
person exhibits two or more distinct alternating personalitites
the psychoanlaystic explanation of DID symptoms
is that they are defenses against anxiety generated by unacceptable urges
the learning perspective of DID symptoms
explains these symptoms as being reinforced by relieving past anxiety
other did explanations
detachment resulting from horrific experience
mood disorders are
psychological disorders
mood disorders are characterized by
emotional extremes
major depressive disorder
prolonged hopelessness/lethargy
bipolar disorder
person alternates between depression and overexcited/hyperactive state
bipolar disorder was previously called
manic-depressive disorder
major depressive disorder is a
mood disorder
major depressive disorder results in
two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods:feelings of worthlessness,diminished interest in activities without presence of drug use or medical conditions
depressed thinking cycle
stressful experiences
negative explanatory style
depressed mood
cognitive/behavioral changes
schizophrenia
group of severe disorders characterized by delusional/disorganized thinking, disturbed perceptions and inappropriate emotions/actions
delusions
false beliefs
delusions often accompany
psychotic disorders
catatonia
remain motionless for hours and become agitated
positive symptoms
hallucinations
disorganized/delusional speech
inappropriate behaviors
negative symptom
tone less voices
expressionless faces
mute/rigid bodies
personality disorders are
psychological disorders
personality disorders are characterized by
inflexible/enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning
antisocial personality disorder is most common among
men
anitsocial personality disorder
in which the person lacks conscience of wrong doing, even towards friends/family, may be agressive/ruthless or clever con artist.
warning signs of schizophrenia
- mother with severe/long-lasting schizophrenia
- Weight/oxygen birth complications
- short attention span
- poor muscle coordination
- disruptive/withdrawn behavior
- emotional unpredictability
- poor peer relations/solo play
Afterimage effect
A type of optical illusion in which an image continues to appear briefly even after exposure even after exposure to the images has ended.
anorexia nervosa
Eating disorder in which a person diets significantly
availability heuristic
estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory
misinformation effect
Incorporating misleading information into ones memory of an event.
lack of object permanence
Lacking ability to understand that things continue to exist even when you don’t see them.
non-random assignment of research participants
Group is designed because of their desired specific trait.
optimistic explanatory style
They believe positive events to be a result of themselves and positive things occur in the future they see negative events as not their fault
proactive interference
the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new informational- what you learn from the past effects what you learn now
