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AP Psychology > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

biomedical therapy

A

a prescribed medication or medical procedure that acts directly on the patient’s nervous system

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2
Q

psychotherapy

A

a trained therapist uses psychological techniques to assist someone seeking to overcome dificultiies or achieve personal growth

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3
Q

eclectic approach

A

using a bled of therapies

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4
Q

psychotherapy integration

A

combines a selection of assorted techniques into a single coherent system

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5
Q

psychoanalysis was a therapeutic technique performed by

A

Sigmund Frued

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6
Q

psychoanalysis believes

A

free associations, resistances, dreams and transference, and therapists interpretations will release previously repressed feeling allowing patient to gain self-insight

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7
Q

resistance

A

occurs in psychoanalysis- blocking from consciousness of anxiety laden material

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8
Q

intrepret

A

occurs in psychoanalysis- the analysts noting of supposed dream meanings/resistance/other behaviors to promote insight

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9
Q

latent learning

A

learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it

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10
Q

dream analysis

A

suggesting a dreams meaning

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11
Q

humanistic therapists focus on

A
  • the present/future more than the past
  • conscious thoughts
  • taking immediate responsibility for feelings/actions
  • promoting growth instead of curing illness
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12
Q

carl rogers created

A

client-centered therapy

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13
Q

client centered therapy

A

humanistic therapy- therapist uses techniques such as active listening with a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients’ growth

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14
Q

active listening

A

echoic, restating, and seeking clarification of what the person expresses and acknowledging expressed feelings- non-verbally/verbally

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15
Q

non-directive therapy

A

the therapist listens without judging/interpreting and seeks to refrain from direction client towards certain insights

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16
Q

unconditional positive regard

A

a caring, accepting, non-judmental attitude in which Carl Rogers believed would help clients to develop self-awareness and self-acceptance

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17
Q

behavior therapy

A

therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors

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18
Q

three hints:

A
  • paraphrase
  • invite clarification
  • reflect feelings
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19
Q

counter-conditioning

A

behavior therapy uses classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors

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20
Q

exposure therapies & aversive conditioning are

A

counter-conditioning techniques

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21
Q

exposure therapies are the most

A

widely used type of behavior therapies

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22
Q

exposure therapies

A

treat anxiety by exposing people in through both imagination or actuality to the things they fear and avoid

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23
Q

systematic desensitization

A

exposure therapy- associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli

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24
Q

systematic desensitization is commonly used when treating

A

phobias

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25
progressive relaxation
relaxing one muscle group after another, then imagine an anxiety aroused situation and raising your finger when feeling tension. You would return to a relaxed state, the scene is repeatedly paired with relaxation until you feel no trace of anxiety
26
virtual reality exposure therapy
anxiety treatment- progressively exposes people to stimulations of their greatest fears
27
aversive conditioning
a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior
28
aversive conditioning example
associating feelings of nausea with the unwanted behavior of drinking alcohol
29
aversive conditioning seeks to
condition an aversion to something the person should avoid
30
behavior modification
reinforcing desired behaviors, withholding reinforcement or enacting punishment for undesired behaviors
31
token economy
operant conditioning procedure- people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting desired behavior and cln later exchenge tokens for various privileges/treats
32
behavior modification critic views:
- will individuals become dependent on extrinsic rewards | - is it ethically right for one human to control another humans behavior
33
cognitive therapy
therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking/acting
34
cognitive therapy is based on the assumption that
thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reaction
35
stress inoculation therapy
teaching people how to restructure their thinking in stressful situations
36
cognitive-behavioral therapy
to alter how individuals both think and act
37
cognitivie behavior therapy changes
self-defeating thinking while changing behavior
38
in family therapy the family is treated as a
system
39
family therapy
views and individuals unwanted behaviors as influenced by or directed at other family members
40
psychodynamic therapy the assumed problem is
unconscious forces & childhood expereinces
41
client-centered therapy assumed problem is
barriers to self understanding and acceptance
42
behavior therapy assumed problem is
maladaptive behaviors
43
cognitive therapy assumed problem is
negative, self-defeating thinking
44
family therapy assumed problem is
stressful relationships
45
psycho-dynamic therapy treats through
analysis/interpretation
46
client-centered therapy treats through
active listening/unconditional positive regard
47
behavior therapy treats through
- counterconditioning - aversive conditioning - desensitization - operant conditioning - exposure
48
cognitive therapy treats through
reveal and reverse self-blame
49
family
- understanding family social system - exploring roles - improving communication
50
client perceptions
- enter therapy in crisis - clients may need to believe therapy was worth the effort - clients generally speak kindly to therapists
51
regression toward the mean
tendency for extreme or unusual scores to fall back toward their average
52
meta-analysis
procedure for statistically combining the result of varying research studies
53
randomized clinical trials
researchers randomly assign people on a wait list to therapy or no therapy
54
placebo effect
the power of belief in treatment
55
unsupported therapies to avoid:
- energy therapies - recovered-memory therapies - rebirthing therapies - facilitated communication - crisis debriefing
56
evidence-based practice
clinical decision making that integrates the best: - available research with - clinical expertise - patient characteristics/preferences
57
EMDR
eye movement desensitization and reprocessing
58
SAD
seasonal affective disorder
59
seasonal affective disorder is
the seasonal blahs of winter constitute a form of depression
60
the three elements shared by all forms of psychotherapy are:
- hope for demoralized people - a new perspective on oneself and the world - an empathic/trusting/caring relationship
61
hope for demoralized people
any therapy offers the expectation that with commitment form therapy seeker things will and can get better
62
a new perspective
offers a plausible explanation of symptoms and alternative way of looking at themselves/responding to the world
63
empathic/caring/trusting relationship lead to an emotional bond and a
therapeutic alliance
64
biomedical therapy
prescribed medications/medical procedures
65
biomedical therapy works directly on patients
nervous system
66
pscyopharmacology is the study of
effects of drugs on mind and behavior
67
antipsychotic drugs are used to treat
schizophrenia and other thought disorders
68
double-blind procedure
neither staff nor patients know which is the drug and which is the placebo
69
long-term us of antipsychotic drugs may result in
tardive dyskinesia
70
tardive dyskinesia
involuntary movements of - facial muscles - tongue - limbs
71
atypical antipsychotics target
both dopamine & serotonin receptors
72
antipsychotic drugs target
dopamine
73
antipsychotic drugs dampen responsiveness to
irrelevant stimuli
74
antianxiety drugs are used to
control anxiety/agitiation
75
antianxiety drugs depress
central nervous system activity
76
antianxiety drugs are often used in cobination with
psychological therapy
77
standard drug treatment of anxiety disorders is
antidepressants
78
antidepressants increase availability of
norepinephrine/serotonin and neurotransmitters that elevate arousal
79
Prozac/Zoloft/Paxil are called
selective- serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (they slow the synaptic vacuuming of serotonin)
80
neruogenesis
the birth of new brain cells
81
the simple salt lithium can be an effective mood stabilizer for those suffering from
bipolar disorder
82
depakote has been effective in treating
epilepsy and episodes associated with bipolar disorder
83
ECT
Electroconvulsive therapy
84
electroconvulsive therapy is a
biomedical therapy
85
electroconvulsive therapy is used for
severely depressed patients
86
ECT causes a brief
electric current to be sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient
87
the effects of psychosurgery are
irreversible
88
psychosurgery
removes or destroys brain tissue
89
lobotomy procedures were used to
calm uncontrollably emotional/violent patients
90
lobotomy procedure cut
nerves connecting the frontal lobe to the emotion controlling centers of the inner brain
91
lobotomys often resulted in a
permanently lethargic, immature, uncreative person
92
rTMS
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
93
rTMS
application or repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain
94
rTMS is used to
stimulate/suppress brain activity
95
biomedical therapies assume
mind and body are a unit
96
human beings are
an integrated bipolarpsychosocial system
97
reilence
the personal strength that helps individuals cope with stress and recover from adversity/trauma
98
psychiatrists are
physicians who may prescribe medications
99
psychiatrists often work in
private practice
100
clinical psychologists have their
PHD
101
some clinical psychologists work in
institutions/agenecies though others work in private practice
102
counselors specialize
in abuse/relationships
103
clinical/psychiatric social workers offer
psychotherapy toindiviudals with everyday personal/family problems
104
Irving Kirsch suggested antidepressants should only be prescribed to
severely depressed individuals
105
the results of psychotherapy are
irreversible
106
serial-position effect
our tendency to recall best the first and last items in a list
107
functional fixedness
tendency to think of things only in functions
108
operational definition
a statement of procedures used to define research variables
109
double-blind research
where both research participants and staff are ignorant about whether research participants have received a treatment or a placebo
110
operant conditioning
a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher
111
myelin sheath
a layer of fatty tissues that encases fibers and neurons in the brain.
112
overjustification
when external rewards diminish intrinsic motivations

AP Psychology (13 decks)

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