Chapter 6 Unit Test Flashcards by Megan Pappalardo

CS (Controlled Stimulus)

What is added to uncontrolled stimulus

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CR (Controlled Response)

Final response; follows controlled stimulus (reaction; often uncontrollable)

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US (Uncontrolled Stimulus)

First thing that causes a response

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UR (Uncontrolled Response)

Response to the first stimulus (reaction; often uncontrollable)

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Neutral Stimulus

Irrelevant until paired with unconditioned stimulus.

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Example of Neutral Stimulus

When tone is sounded without food irrelevant; but with food(us) it becomes a conditioned stimulus.

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Habituation

Used to stimulus; natural habitat

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Associative learning

Pairing stimuli together

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Example of associative learning

Cold weather paired with a jacket

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Classical conditioning

Associating two things together.

Does not include rewards/punishments

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Operant Conditioning

“Operator”; rewards/punishment

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Behaviorism

Behavior

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Behaviorism was discovered by

B.F. Skinner

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Acquisition

Permanent change in behavior.

Learning that is remembered an improved.

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Higher-order conditioning

Two or more conditioned stimulus’

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Extinction

Conditioned response disappears

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Example of extinction

stimulus with out representation of learned response

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spontaneous recovery

when extincted response is randomly recovered after a long period of time

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Generalization

Grouping two similar things together.

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Example of generalization

Afraid of pets because you were attacked by a neighbors dog.

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Discrimination

Telling a difference between similar things

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Example discrimination

Telling a difference between a bird and bee even though they both fly.

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Who introduced behaviorism?

John B. Watson

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Observational Learning

Watching/ copying another.

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Fear is a

conditioned response

Pain is a

unconditioned response

shaping is used in ______ conditioning

operant

Law of effect:

Rewarded behavior is likely to recur

salient

The amount your brain may process or its importance

pro-social behavior

benefits others not your self

antin-social behavior

harming others for your own benefit

Receiving a parking ticket is a

positive punishment

intrinsic motivation

perform behavior effectively for ones own sake

positive punishment

take away behavior

positive punishment adds

behavior

Positive punishment example

spanking, yelling.

negative punishment

take away behavior

Negative punishment removes

behavior

example of negative punishment

Removing a childs phone

negative reinforcement

strengthens behavior

negative reinforcement example

puts on seat belt due to a beep

positive reinforcement

strengthens behavior

positive reinforcement

adds positive behavior

Positive reinforcement example

paying someone for their work

mirror neurons are also

frontal lobe neurons

positive

adminsitering

negative

taking away

extrinsic motivation

desire to perform behavior for desired promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment.

mirror neurons

they fire when performing certain actions or observing others

modeling

observing and imitating a specific behavior.

insight

sudden realization of the solution to a problem,

cognitive map

mental representation of one's environment

fixed- ratio

reinforce behavior after a set number or responses

example of fixed-ratio

buy 10 coffees get a free 1

variable-ratio

unpredictable number or responses

variable-ratio example

gambling

fixed-interval

every so often; reinforce the first response after a fixed time period

fixed-interval example

checking for the mail

variable-interval

reinforce the first response after a VARYING time interval

B.F. Skinner developed

operant conditioning

The skinner box

operant chamber/ used for animal to learn certain associations through operant conditioning.

primary reinforcers

basic need/unlearned

conditioned reinforcers

gain power through primary/ linked with desire

conditioned reinforcer example

association/ linking light with receiving food

Thorndike

created law of effectJ

Ivan Pavlov discovered

classical conditioning

Ivan Pavlov also

first time ever defined learning through the experiment involving dog's saliva

John Watson

Proved that fear was a conditioned response

John Watson used

classical conditioning

Albert bandura

bobo doll experiment

Albert bandura significance

showed influence of modeling through observational learning

John Garcia

Discovered taste aversion in animals/humans

John Garcia significance

rats only tasted water once and were continuously ill/ elaborated on classical conditioning

Biofeedback

is machinery/software used to evaluate and control bodies effects due to behavior