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AP Psychology > Chapter 6 Unit Test > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Unit Test Flashcards

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1
Q

CS (Controlled Stimulus)

A

What is added to uncontrolled stimulus

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2
Q

CR (Controlled Response)

A

Final response; follows controlled stimulus (reaction; often uncontrollable)

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3
Q

US (Uncontrolled Stimulus)

A

First thing that causes a response

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4
Q

UR (Uncontrolled Response)

A

Response to the first stimulus (reaction; often uncontrollable)

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5
Q

Neutral Stimulus

A

Irrelevant until paired with unconditioned stimulus.

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6
Q

Example of Neutral Stimulus

A

When tone is sounded without food irrelevant; but with food(us) it becomes a conditioned stimulus.

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7
Q

Habituation

A

Used to stimulus; natural habitat

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8
Q

Associative learning

A

Pairing stimuli together

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9
Q

Example of associative learning

A

Cold weather paired with a jacket

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10
Q

Classical conditioning

A

Associating two things together.

Does not include rewards/punishments

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11
Q

Operant Conditioning

A

“Operator”; rewards/punishment

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12
Q

Behaviorism

A

Behavior

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13
Q

Behaviorism was discovered by

A

B.F. Skinner

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14
Q

Acquisition

A

Permanent change in behavior.

Learning that is remembered an improved.

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15
Q

Higher-order conditioning

A

Two or more conditioned stimulus’

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16
Q

Extinction

A

Conditioned response disappears

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17
Q

Example of extinction

A

stimulus with out representation of learned response

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18
Q

spontaneous recovery

A

when extincted response is randomly recovered after a long period of time

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19
Q

Generalization

A

Grouping two similar things together.

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20
Q

Example of generalization

A

Afraid of pets because you were attacked by a neighbors dog.

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21
Q

Discrimination

A

Telling a difference between similar things

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22
Q

Example discrimination

A

Telling a difference between a bird and bee even though they both fly.

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23
Q

Who introduced behaviorism?

A

John B. Watson

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24
Q

Observational Learning

A

Watching/ copying another.

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25
Q

Fear is a

A

conditioned response

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26
Q

Pain is a

A

unconditioned response

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27
Q

shaping is used in ______ conditioning

A

operant

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28
Q

Law of effect:

A

Rewarded behavior is likely to recur

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29
Q

salient

A

The amount your brain may process or its importance

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30
Q

pro-social behavior

A

benefits others not your self

31
Q

antin-social behavior

A

harming others for your own benefit

32
Q

Receiving a parking ticket is a

A

positive punishment

33
Q

intrinsic motivation

A

perform behavior effectively for ones own sake

34
Q

positive punishment

A

take away behavior

35
Q

positive punishment adds

A

behavior

36
Q

Positive punishment example

A

spanking, yelling.

37
Q

negative punishment

A

take away behavior

38
Q

Negative punishment removes

A

behavior

39
Q

example of negative punishment

A

Removing a childs phone

40
Q

negative reinforcement

A

strengthens behavior

41
Q

negative reinforcement example

A

puts on seat belt due to a beep

42
Q

positive reinforcement

A

strengthens behavior

43
Q

positive reinforcement

A

adds positive behavior

44
Q

Positive reinforcement example

A

paying someone for their work

45
Q

mirror neurons are also

A

frontal lobe neurons

46
Q

positive

A

adminsitering

47
Q

negative

A

taking away

48
Q

extrinsic motivation

A

desire to perform behavior for desired promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment.

49
Q

mirror neurons

A

they fire when performing certain actions or observing others

50
Q

modeling

A

observing and imitating a specific behavior.

51
Q

insight

A

sudden realization of the solution to a problem,

52
Q

cognitive map

A

mental representation of one’s environment

53
Q

fixed- ratio

A

reinforce behavior after a set number or responses

54
Q

example of fixed-ratio

A

buy 10 coffees get a free 1

55
Q

variable-ratio

A

unpredictable number or responses

56
Q

variable-ratio example

A

gambling

57
Q

fixed-interval

A

every so often; reinforce the first response after a fixed time period

58
Q

fixed-interval example

A

checking for the mail

59
Q

variable-interval

A

reinforce the first response after a VARYING time interval

60
Q

B.F. Skinner developed

A

operant conditioning

61
Q

The skinner box

A

operant chamber/ used for animal to learn certain associations through operant conditioning.

62
Q

primary reinforcers

A

basic need/unlearned

63
Q

conditioned reinforcers

A

gain power through primary/ linked with desire

64
Q

conditioned reinforcer example

A

association/ linking light with receiving food

65
Q

Thorndike

A

created law of effectJ

66
Q

Ivan Pavlov discovered

A

classical conditioning

67
Q

Ivan Pavlov also

A

first time ever defined learning through the experiment involving dog’s saliva

68
Q

John Watson

A

Proved that fear was a conditioned response

69
Q

John Watson used

A

classical conditioning

70
Q

Albert bandura

A

bobo doll experiment

71
Q

Albert bandura significance

A

showed influence of modeling through observational learning

72
Q

John Garcia

A

Discovered taste aversion in animals/humans

73
Q

John Garcia significance

A

rats only tasted water once and were continuously ill/ elaborated on classical conditioning

74
Q

Biofeedback

A

is machinery/software used to evaluate and control bodies effects due to behavior

AP Psychology (13 decks)

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