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AP Psychology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Phrenology

A

Theory linking mental ability to bumps on skull

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2
Q

A dendrite

A

is an extension of a neuron

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3
Q

Basic building block of nervous system

A

neuron

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4
Q

Message travels through a neuron in the

A

axon

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5
Q

myelin sheath

A

fatty layer covers axon speeding up neural impulses

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6
Q

neural impulse

A

brief electrical charge traveling down an axon carrying message

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7
Q

synaptic gap

A

space in between neurons

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8
Q

neurotransmitters

A

carry chemical messages

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9
Q

Re-uptake

A

Reabsorbs excess neurotransmitters

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10
Q

Ach purpose is

A

muscle movement

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11
Q

Endorphins

A

are natural neurotransmitters in the brain

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12
Q

Antogonists

A

block neurotransmitter activity

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13
Q

Agonists

A

mimic neurotransmitters

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14
Q

Nervous systems

A

control all systems

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15
Q

Peripheral nervous systems

A

neurons linking brain and spinal cord to bodies sensory receptors, glands and muscles.

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16
Q

Central nervous system

A

brain and spinal chord

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17
Q

nerves

A

sensory and motor axons

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18
Q

somatic system

A

controls skeletal muscles

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19
Q

autonomic nervous system (automatically)

A

regulates glands, muscles and internal organs

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20
Q

Sympathetic

A

Prepares for action (fight or flight) part of autonomic nervous system

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21
Q

Parasympathetic

A

Calms body part of autonomic nervous system

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22
Q

reflexes are

A

automatic responses to stimuli

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23
Q

endocrine system

A

controls bodies chemical communications

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24
Q

endocrine system secretes

A

hormones

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25
Q

pituitary gland

A

releases hormones and regulates growth (puberty)

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26
Q

lesion

A

destroys brain tissue

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27
Q

split brain procedures

A

corpus callosum is cut

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28
Q

EEG

A

involves electrical sweeping of brain activity

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29
Q

CT Scan

A

only uses x-rays

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30
Q

PET Scans

A

measure brain activity using glucose

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31
Q

MRI

A

produces magnetic fields to produce image

32
Q

FMRI

A

Uses blood flow to study brain activity

33
Q

Brain Stem

A

controls basic survival functions- oldest part of brain- evolution

34
Q

medulla

A

controls heartbeat and breathing- base of brain stem

35
Q

Pons

A

controls movement- bulge on brain stem

36
Q

reticular formation

A

controls information- inside brain stem

37
Q

thalamus

A

receives info from all senses excluding smell

38
Q

cerebellum

A

controls balance, rear of brain stem (ballet)

39
Q

hippocampus

A

controls memory-limbic system (college days)

40
Q

limbic system

A

located between brain-stem, and cerebral hemisphere

41
Q

limbic system includes:

A

hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus

42
Q

Amygdala

A

controls agression and fear (Amy in pitch perfect)

43
Q

Hypothalamus

A

controls hunger, thirst, body temperature, pituary glands, pleasure hypo (HYGIENE)

44
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

Bodies ultimate control system- thin layer of inter connected neural cells

45
Q

glial cells

A

replenish, protect, support, neurals (glide toothbrush)

46
Q

temporal lobes

A

auditory info from opposite fields

47
Q

occipital lobes

A

eyes; visual field

48
Q

frontal lobes

A

muscles movements, speaking, judgement

49
Q

parietal lobes

A

receives sensory input for touch and body position

50
Q

Aphasia

A

Impairment of language. Damage to
- Weirnickes or
- Brocas
(Left hemisphere)

51
Q

Action Potential

A

Neural impulse traveling down an axon

52
Q

Who first described dual processing

A

Signing Freud

53
Q

Facial recognition occurs in

A

Right hemisphere

54
Q

Behavioral geneticists

A

Study of genetic limits and environmental influences

55
Q

Broca’s area

A

Controls language and expression

Frontal lobe

56
Q

Adrenal glands

A

Arousal in times of stress located above kidneys

57
Q

Cognitive neuroscience

A

Study of brain activity linked with cognition

58
Q

Fraternal twins

A

Develop from two separate fertilized eggs

59
Q

Genome

A

Genetic Instructions

60
Q

Heritability

A

Genes attributed to individuals and their differences

61
Q

Identical twins

A

Develop from one fertilized egg

62
Q

Inter neurons communicate with

A

Sensory inputs and motor outputs

63
Q

Neurogenesis

A

Creates new neurons

64
Q

Plasticity

A

Brains ability to change after damage

65
Q

Synapse

A

Junction between sending and receiving neuron

66
Q

Weirnickes area

A

Involves language comprehension and expression (left hemisphere)

67
Q

Dopamine

A

Influences movement, learning, attention as emotion

68
Q

Serotonin.

A

Affects mood, hunger, sleep and arousal

69
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Controls alertness and arousal

70
Q

Gamma-aminobutyric acid

A

Major inhibitory neurotransmitter

71
Q

Glutamate

A

Excitatory neurotransmitter involves memory

72
Q

Too little serotonin

A

Can cause depression

73
Q

Too lite norepinephrine

A

Can depress mood

74
Q

Too little gamma-aminobutyric acid

A

Causes seizures, tremors, insomnia

75
Q

Too much glutamate

A

Migraines, seizures due to an overstimulated brain

76
Q

Ach with Alzheimer’s

A

Neurons deteriorate

77
Q

Too much dopamine

A

Tremors, decreased mobility and schizophrenia

AP Psychology (13 decks)

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