RBCand Bleeding. Hematopath continued

Question 1

With what diseases is Cold aggutinin immunohemolytic anemia associated with?

Answer 1

Lymphoid Neoplasms

Infections (Mycoplasma, EBC, HIV, Influenza, CMV)

Question 2

alpha-Methyldopa drug can cause what kind of anemia?

Answer 2

Warm autoimmune hemolytic aneia

Question 3

Inherited bleeding disorder with normal platelet count and prolonged bleeding time indicates what disease?

Answer 3

von Willebrand factor

Question 4

The Ristocetin-dependent bioassay confirms what factor?

Answer 4

von Willebrand factor

Question 5

With what disorders is transplantation helpful?

Answer 5

Disorders of stem cells

Question 6

Joint hemorrhages are seen in what diseaes?

Answer 6

Hemophilia A and B

Question 7

Effects of hydroxyurea therapy in SCD patients

Answer 7

• Increase HbF
• anti-inflamm
• Increases mean RBC volume
• oxidized by heme groups to produce NO

Question 8

Drugs that damage Hb

Answer 8

Primaquine
Sulfanamides
Dapsone
Nitrofurantoin
Phenacetin
Aspirin (in large doses)

Question 9

Pancytopenia + Absence of Reticulocytosis indicates ________ and patients subject to this disease are at risk for _______

Answer 9

1. Bone Marrow Failure (Aplastic Anemia)

2. Bleeding diseases (lack of platelets) and Infections (low WBC count)

Question 10

What clinical PENTAD is seen in the TTP?

Answer 10

Transient Neurological Problems
Fever
Thrombocytopenia
Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia
Acute Renal Failure

Question 11

What does Basophilic stippling of RBCs indicate?

Answer 11

Marrow Injury such as with a drug or toxin

Question 12

What does a mixing study do?

Answer 12

Patient and pooled plasma mixes and usually corrects an abnormality caused by a deficiency of a procoagulant factor. If there is a coagulation inhibitor in the patient’s plasma, the clotting test would show an abnormal result.

Question 13

What do polychromatophilic RBCs represent?

Answer 13

Reticulocytes

Question 14

How does B-thalassemia lead to ineffective erythropoiesis?

Answer 14

reduction in B-globin synthesis without impairment of a-globin synthesis leaves a-globin chains, free and unpaired. Unpaired a-globin chains form aggregates that precipitate within normoblasts and cause them toundergo apoptosis. Death of RBC precursors in the bone marrow is called “ineffective erythropoeisis”

Question 15

How does b-thalassemia give rise to hemochromatosis?

Answer 15

Ineffecive erythropoiesis causes anemia nad increases the absorption of dietary iron, giving rise to iron overload, which results in hemochromatosis withinfiltrative cardiomyopathy, hepatic cirrhosis, and bronze diabetes- from pancreatic islet dysfunction

Question 16

How does maxillofacial deformities arise from severe anemia?

Answer 16

Severe anemia triggers EPO synthesis which expands the erythropoietic marrow and encroaches on the bones causing maxillofacial deformities