8: Environment and Nutrition Flashcards
Benzopyrene and Methyl Cholanthrene are examples of what compounds?
Potent experimental carcinogens that are aromatic hydrocarbons
What kind of cancer does Aflatoxins produce?
Experimental liver cancer
How do aflatoxins develop?
They are made by certain mold types
Asbestos is an example of what type of lung disease?
Mineral dust induced (exposure from mining, and fabrication of ores and materials, installing and removing insulation- disease can appear after 20/30 years exposure)
What are possible clinical manifestations of Asbestosis?
- Pleural Tumor aka Malignant mesothelioma
- Interstitial fibrosis of the lungs
- Pleural plaques (dense connective tissue)
What are Asbestos bodies? What is its nickname?
Asbestos fibers coated with protein and iron
aka Ferruginous bodies
How does gastrointestinal hemorrhage lead to anemia? What type of anemia?
Loss of heme iron at a rate faster than it is replaced from dietary Fe. This leads to microcytic hypochromic anemia.
What is the major toxicity of ethylene glycol?
acute tubular necrosis of the kidney
What is the ultimate clinical manifestation of toxic ethylene glycol?
renal failure
Acute renal failure caused by antifreeze imbibe and alcoholic hepatitis causes what symptoms?
yellow discoloration of the eyes
abdominal pains
weight loss
low grade fever
What disease is the most common acquired cause of mental retardation in the US?
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
What are some common features of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome?
- intrauterine growth retardation
- facial dysmorphology
- neurological impairment
- congenital anomalies
later: mental retardation and minor dysmorphic features
Are cocaine and heroine intake during gestation associated with facial dysmorphology of fetus?
No
What are the symptoms of chronic lead poisoning?
Neurological: Cognitive Loss and ataxia
Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia
Describe the pathology of lead poisoning
(Delta amino levulinic dehydratase and ferrochelatase ) enzymes essential for Heme synthesis are inhibited
How do erythrocytes respond to lead posoning?
Inhibition of heme synthesis due to lead poisoning causes basophilic stippling of erythrocytes due to residual ribosome clusters in the cytoplasm.
What distinguishes mercury poisoning from lead poisoning?
Both have neurologic pathology however only lead poisioning causes hematologic symptoms such as basophilic stippling of RBCs.
Vinyl chloride can be found in what industry?
those producing plastics
What cancer is predicted for a patient exposed to vinyl chloride?
Angiosarcoma of the liver
What is Angiosarcoma associated with exposure to what substances?
Vinyl chloride
Arsenic ( found in pesticides)
Thorotrast (radioactive contrast medium used by radiologists before the 1950s)
What is the mechanism of CO poisoning?
CO displaces O2 on hemoglobin (it has a 24 X greater affinity)
What are some symptoms of CO poisoning at 50% carboxyhemoglobin?
Cerebral anoxia, convulsions, coma, death
Where does Inorganic and Organic Mercury do damage respectively?
Kidneys and brain
What neurologic symptoms can be seen in mercury poisoning?
VF constriciton hearing loss dysarthria paresthesia ataxia