Immunopathology

Question 1

What diseases are attributed to deposition of immune complexes?

Answer 1

SLE, RA, and Glomerulonephritis

Question 2

Scleroderma autoantibodies: Likely findings

Answer 2

1. Nucleolar autoantibodies (against RNA polymerase)
2. antibodies to Scl-70, a nonhistone nuclear protein topoisomerase I (diffuse form scleroderma)
3. anticentromere antibodies (associated with CREST disease variant)

Question 3

Which organs are typically affected by scleroderma?

Answer 3

lung , GI tract, heart, kidney

Question 4

MCTD may develop which symptoms?

Answer 4

Symptoms of SLE, Scleroderma and RA.

Question 5

Define Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity Rxn

Answer 5

• Response to soluble protein antigen that reaches gretest intensity 24 to 48 hrs after initiation
• Tissue reaction involves Lyumphocytes and mononuclear phagocytes

Question 6

Where are protein antigens processed and presented in delayed hypersensitivity reactions?

Answer 6

They are processed into short polypeptides in phagolysosomes and are presented on the cell surface with the class II HLA molecules initially

Question 7

what is Gly-CAM1?

Answer 7

a cell adhesion molecule involved in lymphocyte trafficking. It facilitates lymphocyte recirculation by providing a receptor for leukocyte attachment to high endothelial venules.

Question 8

When class II HLA molecules are recognized by CD4+ T cells, what is the result?

Answer 8

activation of the synthesis of cytokins that recruit and activate lymphocytes, monocytes, fibroblasts, and other inflammatory cells.

Question 9

Where are Class I HLA molecules expressed? CLass II?

Answer 9

Class I: All tissues

Class II: Macorphages and B lymphocytes

Question 10

What is clinical manifestation of hyperacute graft versus host rejection?

Answer 10

Fever, pain at the site of graft and cessation of urine output. This is mediated by preformed antibodies (acute and chronic recjection would involve lymphocytes)

Question 11

What clinical findings would appear in an immediate hypersensitivity reaction?

Answer 11

Bronchoconstriction, airway collapse, circulatory system collapse.

Question 12

What immunoglobulin response is seen in Immediate Hypersensitivity reactions?

Answer 12

IgE binds Fc-E (epsilon) receptors on mast cells and basophils

Question 13

What type of infections are patients with IgA deficiency susceptible to?

Answer 13

Respiratory or GI infection

Question 14

How do lymphocytes travel in the lymph nodeS?

Answer 14

Via High Endothelial Venules (specialized postcapillary venules) which express CAMs and allow leukocyte adhesion and diapedesis.

Question 15

In RA, ,how is cartilage destroyed?

Answer 15

Synovial hyperplasia forms a pannus (cloak) covers the articular cartilage and isolates it from the synovial fluid and may deprive it from nourishment.

Question 16

What is the differential for a postive Rheumatoid Factor ?

Answer 16

Vascular Collagen diseases:
RA
SLE
Scleroderma
Dermatomyositis

Question 17

What proteins are absorbed in urate crysrtals surfaces when they precipitate from supersaturated body fluids?

Answer 17

fibronectin
complement
and other proteins

Question 18

How do neutrophils contribute to the inflammatory response in gout?

Answer 18

They ingest urate crystals and release oxygen species and lysosomal enzymes which mediate tissue injury and promote an inflammatory response

Question 19

Reiter’s Syndrome is often secondary to what exposure?

Answer 19

Venereal Exposure (STD) or Bacillary Dysentery (Shigella)

Question 20

Heberden nodes

Answer 20

dip

Question 21

bouchard nodes

Answer 21

pip