Neoplasia Flashcards
What is P-selectin?
Cell adhesion molecule: it marginates neutrophils during acute inflammation
What two cells have abundant telomerase expression?
Cancer cells and germ cells. Somatic cells do not normally express telomerase
What gene is the catalytic subunit of telomerase?
Human telomerase reverse transcriptase
How do DNA viruses cause cancer?
They inactivate tumor suppressor genes
HPV PATHOGENESIS IS/?
E6 and E7 genes of HPV 16 bind p53 and pRb
Carcinoma in situ
Cancers that don’t penetrate the basement b membrane
Koilocytosis
Presence of squamous cells with perinuclear halos and nuclear changes. Indicative of HPV infection
What ion is adhering dependent on?
Calcium
What is function of Lysol hydroxylase?
Post translational modification of collagen
What kind of tumors exhibit Anaplasia?
High. Grade- they lack differentiated features
Papillomatosis
Fond-like structures
Medullary
Soft cellular tumor
Scirrhous or desmoplastlc
Dense fibrous stroma
Colloidal carcinoma
Secretes abundant mucus
What compound is normally seen produced inlung cancers?
Corticotropin (ACTH)
What would happen to adrenal function in adrenal and pituitary metastases? What disease is this?
Adrenal Function would be lost- Addison’ s disease
Alpha fetal protein is a tumor marker for what carcinomas?
Yolk Sac and Hepatocellular
Calretinin is a tumor marker for what cancer?
Mesothelioma
Synaptophysin is a marker for what tumour?
Neuroendocrine- including small cell carcinoma of theking
Carcinoembryonic antigen is a marker for what cancer?
COLON and many others
How do RAD51 and BRA proteins 1&2 work together?
brca binds RAD to meditate double strand repair breaks
Chondroma
Benign cartaliginous tumor
Hamartoma
Disorganized normal tissue
What are three features ofAtaxia Telangiectasia
- Cellular degeneration
- Immunological abnOrmalities
- Predisposition to cancer
What cancer are albinism patients at risk for?
Squamous cell carcinoma of skin.
They do not have a defect in DNA excision repair
Describe anemia of a paraneoplastic syndrome.
The anemia is Neolithic and normochromic. Fe deficiency anemia normally I seen when the cancer is bleeding into the GI tract.
What are some chromosome alterations seen in solid tumors?
- Homogenous staining regions
2; abnormal banding regions on fhromoome
3, double minutes
What symptoms are seen in carcinoid syndrome and why?
Serotonin, histamine and bradykinin are released and cause flushing, bronchial wheezing, watery diarrhea and abdominal colic
Where are carcinoid normally found?
Submucosa of the intestine
alpha-fetotprotein is a tumor marker for what cancers?
Hepatocellular carcinomas
Testicular CArcinomas
what is a choristoma?
benign mass composed of tissues not from the site of origin
what pathway of is activated by APC?
WNT signaling
