Pancreas

Question 1

How do infants with Annular Pancreas typically present?

Answer 1

Feeding Disorders and Growth Retardation

Question 2

Which cells are injured in Acute Pancreatitis?

Answer 2

Acinar Cells

Question 3

Describe the feces of a patient with steatorrhea

Answer 3

Foul smelling and Floating because of high FAT content

Question 4

What are the clinical features of longterm malabsorption syndrome?

Answer 4

Weight Loss
Anemia
Osteomalacia
Nutritional Deficiency
Tendency to Bleed

Question 5

How do Pancreatic Pseudocysts develop?

Answer 5

Necrotic pancreatic tissue is liquefied via pancreatic enzymes. The necrotic tissue is then encapsulated by granulation tissue, which develops int a fibrous capsule.

They can become secondarily infeccted leading to an abscesss formation.

Question 6

What Pancreatic cacinoma is associated with Migratory thrombophlebitis?

Answer 6

Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma is associated with Migratory thrombophlebitis, aka trousseau syndrome

Question 7

What cells are the most likely source of pancreatic carcinomas?

Answer 7

Pancreatic Dructal cells from the duct epithelium

Question 8

Wha tis Courvosier sign?

Answer 8

Dilation of the gallbladder due to pancreatic carcinoma induced obstruction of the bile duct

Question 9

What characterizes Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome?

Answer 9

Intractable Gastric Hypersecretion
Severe Peptic Ulceration (of Duodenum, sometimes jejunum)
Elevated Serum Gastrin lebels

Question 10

What causes ZE syndrome?

Answer 10

Pancreatic Gastrinoma caused by G cells.

Gastrinomas are omst often in the pancreas but can arise in other parts of the GI tract, and mostly are malignant

Question 11

What are some clinical features of Carcinoid tumros?

Answer 11

flushing
Bronchial Wheezing
Watery Diarrhea
Abdominal Clic

(likely due to teh release of seratonin, bradykinin, and histamine_

Question 12

With what is necrotizing migratory erythema associated with?

Answer 12

Glucagonomas: The hypersecretion of gluacgon by alpha cell containing tumors

Question 13

What are some clinical manifestations of Glucagonomas/

Answer 13

Necrotizing Migratory Erythema
Hyperglycemia
anAnemia

Question 14

What are some symptoms of hypoglycemia as seen in Insulomas?

Answer 14

Hunger
Sweating
Irritability
Epileptic Seizures
Coma

Question 15

What are clinical features of a somatostatinoma?

Answer 15

Mild DM
gallstones
steatorrhea
hypochlorhydria

Question 16

What is Pancreatic Cholera?

Answer 16

Intractable Diarrhea
Hypokalemia
Low levels of Chloride in Gastric Juice

A disorder secondary to secretion of Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP) by an islet cell tumor

Question 17

How does VIPoma cause disease?

Answer 17

VIP stimulates adenylyl cyclase activity, which increases cAMP, which seceretes potassium and water into the intestinal lumen. up to 5L of water per day can be lost

Question 18

Which drugs increase risk of Acute Pancreatitis?

Answer 18

Immunosuppresive drugs
antineoplastic agents
sulfonamides
dieuretics

Question 19

What are some clinical features of Pancreatic Carcinoid syndrome/

Answer 19

Facial flushing
Hypotension
Periorbital edeama
tearing

Question 20

What are some signs and symptoms of MEN-1?

Answer 20

Acromegaly (adenoma of the pitutray)
Hypercalcemia (Hyperplasia or adenoma of the parathyroids)
Gastrinoma (adenoma of the endocrine pancreas)

Question 21

What syndrome is produced from a Gastrinoma?

Answer 21

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome