Heart Flashcards
Where does the ostium primum anomaly occur?
Adjacent to the AV valves and is usally associated with a cleft anterior mitral leaflet
What rae the complicATIONS of ASD’s?
Cyanoisis, Atrial Arrhythmias, RVH, Right HF, Bacterial endocarditis, and Paradoxical Emboli
What are VSDs characterized by?
left to right shunt
left ventricular dilation
CHF
What anatomical finding is often associated with coarctation of the aorta? clinical finding?
bicuspid valve
Reduced of Absent femoral pulses
HTN in UE
Which arteries are combined in Truncus ARteriosis?
Aorta, Pulmonary Artery, and Coronary ARteries
In Tetralogy of Fallot, where does the aorta receive blood from?
It overrides the VSD and receives blood from both ventricles
What characterizes Endocardial Fibroelastosis?
- Fibroelastotic thickening of the endocardium of LV (can affect valves)
- Gray-white patches of thickening accompanied by degeneration of subendocardial myocytes
What is the pathological cardiologic outcome of Hyperthyroidsim? What’s the main pathophysiologic cause?
High output heart failure
This occurs because peripheral resistnace decreases which requires increased cardiac output.
Over what pathologic processes do mural thrombi often form?
On the endocardium, over the infarction
Over ventricular aneurysms- found at the healed, transmural myocardial infarct
When do subendocardial circumferential infarcts generally occur?
Post hypoperfusion of the heart secondary to poor coronary blood flow, often in the setting of hypotension.
Coronary artery narrowing is common (total occlusion rare and most associated with transmral myocardial infarction)
What is Dressler Syndrome?
Post (2-10 wks) MI syndrome delayed pericarditis. Pain develops and can be confused with postinfarction or recurrent angina.
What occurs for 1/2 deaths after acute MI?
VFib`
actue infarction is often associated with Premature Vnetricular beats, VTach, complete Heart Block, and VFib- acute ischemia may promote conductiondisturbances and myocardial irritability.
What complications could be seen a between days 3 -7 post MI?
Postmyocardial infarction syndrome??
Ruptured MI
(1. anterior rupture leads to, Cardiac Tamponade
2. Septal Perforation+ Interventricular septum rupture, throombosis in LAD is MCC
3. Papillary muscle rupture associated with inferior AMIs due toRCA thromboisis and leads to MV REGURG)
What causes cardiac tamponade?
A ruptured myocardial wall
What clinical finding is associated with cardiac tamponade?
Pulsus paradoxus (>10mmHg fall in aerterial blood pressure with inspiration)
when can myocardial rupture and hemorrhage into the pericardial sac occur? Why this time?
Any time during the first 3 weeks but most commonly between the 1st and 4th days.
Because, during this interval the infarcted wall is weak, being composed of soft necrotic tissue.
What degrades the extracellular matrix with the infarct?
Proteases released by inflammatory cells