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STEP 2 > Rapid Review: Obstetrics and Gynecology > Flashcards

Rapid Review: Obstetrics and Gynecology Flashcards

1
Q

Primary causes of third trimester bleeding

A

Placental abruption and placental previa

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2
Q

Classic ultrasound and gross apperance of complete hydatidiform mole

A

Snowstorm on ultrasound. “Cluster of grapes” on gross examination

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3
Q

Chromosomal pattern of a complete mole.

A

46XX

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4
Q

Molar pregnancy containing fetal tissue

A

Partial mole, 69 XXY

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5
Q

Symptoms of placental abruption

A

Continuous, painful dark vaginal bleeding

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6
Q

Symptoms of placenta previa

A

Self-limited, painless vaginal bleeding

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7
Q

When should a vaginal exam be performed with suspected placenta previa?

A

Never

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8
Q

Antibiotics with teratogenic effects

A

Tetracycline, fluoroquinoones, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides

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9
Q

Medication given to accelerate fetal lung maturity

A

Betamethasone or dexamethasone x 48 hours

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10
Q

The most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage

A

Uterine atony

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11
Q

Treatment for postpartum hemorrhage

A

Uterine massage; if that fails, give oxytocin

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12
Q

Typical antibiotics for GBS prophylaxis

A

IV penicillin or ampicillin

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13
Q

A patient fails to lactate after an emergency C section with marked blood loss

A

Sheehan’s syndrome (postpartum pituitary necrosis)

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14
Q

Uterine bleeding at 18 weeks gestation; no products expelled; cervical os open

A

Inevitable abortion

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15
Q

Uterine bleeding at 18 weeks gestation; no products expelled; cervical os closed

A

Threatened abortion

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16
Q

The first test to perform when a woman presents with amenorrhea

A

B-hCG

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17
Q

Term for heavy bleeding during and between menstrual periods

A

Menometrorrhagia

18
Q

Cause of amenorrhea with normal prolactin, no response to estrogen progesterone challenge, and a history of D and C

A

Asherman’s syndrome (intrauterine adhesions)

19
Q

Therapy for PCOS

A

Weight loss and OCPs. Consider metformin. Clomiphene for ovulation

20
Q

Medication to induce ovulation

A

Clomiphene citrate

21
Q

Diagnostic step required in a postmenopausal woman who presents with vaginal bleeding

A

Endometrial biopsy

22
Q

Indications for medical treatment of ectopic pregnancy

A

Patient stable; unruptured ectopic pregnancy of

23
Q

Medical options for endometriosis

A

OCPs, danazol, GnRH agonists

24
Q

Laparoscopic findings in endometriosis

A

Powder burns, “chocolate cysts”

25
Q

The most common location for an ectopic pregnancy

A

Ampulla of the oviduct

26
Q

How to diagnose and follow a leiomyoma

A

US

27
Q

Natural history of a leiomyoma

A

Regresses after menopause

28
Q

A patient has increased vaginal discharge and petechial patches in the upper vagina and cervix

A

Trichomonal vaginitis

29
Q

Treatment for BV

A

Oral or topical metronidazole

30
Q

The most common cause of bloody nipple discharge

A

Intraductal papilloma

31
Q

Contraceptive methods that protect against PID

A

OCPs and barrier contraception

32
Q

Unopposed estrogen is contraindicated in which cancers

A

Endometrial or estrogen receptor + breast cancer

33
Q

A patient presents with recent PID with RUQ pain

A

Consider Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome

34
Q

Breast malignancy presenting as itching, burning, and erosion of the nipple

A

Paget’s disease

35
Q

Annual screening for women with a strong family history of ovarian cancer

A

CA-125 and transvaginal US

36
Q

A 50 year old woman leaks urine when laughing or coughing. Nonsurgical options?

A

Kegel exercises, estrogen, pessaries for stress incontinence

37
Q

A 30 year old woman has unpredictable urine loss. Exam is normal. Medical options?

A

Anticholinergics (oxybutynin) or B adrenergics (metaproterenol) for urge incontinence.

38
Q

Lab values suggestive of menopause

A

Increased serum FSH

39
Q

The most common cause of female infertility

A

Endometriosis

40
Q

Two consecutive findings of atypical squamous cells of undetermined signiicancce on Pap smear. Follw up eval?

A

Colposcopy and endocervical curettage

41
Q

Breast cancer type that increases the future risk of invasive carcinoma in both breasts

A

Lobular carcinoma in situ.

STEP 2 (27 decks)

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